Invasive mole

　　Invasive mole refers to a disease caused by the invasion of mole tissue into the myometrium of the uterus or metastasis outside the uterus. The villi of invasive mole can locally spread and invade the myometrium or blood vessels, with vesicular tissue invading the deep myometrium of the uterus, sometimes completely penetrating the uterine wall and extending into the broad ligament or abdominal cavity.

　　The nature of invasive mole lies between mole and choriocarcinoma, and to varying degrees, it combines the characteristics of both. Some may be more benign, with lesions and manifestations similar to those of an active mole; others may be more malignant, with lesions and manifestations similar to choriocarcinoma, which may cause vaginal metastatic nodules with ulceration and massive hemorrhage, lung metastasis with pulmonary hemorrhage, and brain metastasis, etc.

　　The typical symptoms of invasive mole are intermittent vaginal bleeding in the early stages of pregnancy, starting with small amounts, with possible repeated massive bleeding in the middle. If checked carefully, vesicular materials may be present in the blood. The patient has significant nausea and vomiting, and may also appear edema, hypertension, proteinuria, and other symptoms of pregnancy toxemia, and the uterus is also abnormally large. Generally, the size of the pregnant uterus is proportional to the number of months of amenorrhea, while hydatid mole is different; the number of months of amenorrhea is small, but the uterus is very large.

　　Invasive mole is a disease in which the tissue of the mole invades the uterine muscular layer or spreads outside the uterus. Therefore, the focus of prevention for invasive mole is to prevent the occurrence of mole. It is recommended that everyone pay attention to daily nutrition, avoid possible infections, and at the same time pay attention to physical exercise to enhance physical fitness, which can fundamentally reduce the occurrence of diseases.

　　Women of childbearing age should be vigilant for malignant trophoblastic tumors if they experience bleeding after the expulsion of hydatid mole or irregular vaginal bleeding after abortion or childbirth, and should go to the hospital for relevant examinations in a timely manner:

　　1. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) determination.

　　2. Ultrasound examination.

　　3. CT examination.

　　4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination.

　　5. X-ray examination.

　　6. Flow Cytometry (FCM) examination.

　　There are no special dietary requirements for patients with invasive mole, and general normal diet is sufficient. It is important to ensure a rich and balanced diet, meeting the needs of calories, proteins, and vitamins for normal human metabolism. Appropriately increase the intake of vegetables and fruits. In terms of health care, it is important to relax the mind, build confidence, maintain a good mental state, and actively cooperate with the doctor's treatment.

　　The treatment principle for invasive mole is mainly chemotherapy, supplemented by surgery, which can be treated with a single drug or combined chemotherapy. Chemotherapy needs to be continued until symptoms and signs disappear, with HCG measured once a week, and three consecutive times within the normal range, followed by consolidation for 2-3 courses. For lesions in the uterus where chemotherapy is ineffective, the uterus can be removed and a radical hysterectomy and high ligation of the ovarian artery and vein can be performed.