Oncocytoma of the kidney

　　Pathogenesis

　　Oncocytoma of the kidney varies in size, with an average diameter of about 6cm, which can occur throughout the body and is not necessarily limited to the kidneys. The lesion can be solitary, about 6% are bilateral, and can occur simultaneously or at different times. The histological characteristics are highly differentiated eosinophils, the tumor is brown or light brown, with clear boundaries and a capsule. There is a dense fibrous band in the center, with fibrous trabeculae that are star-shaped projections. There is no necrosis and no area with rich blood vessels.

　　Oncocytoma of the kidney is a type of renal adenoma that is relatively rare in clinical practice, accounting for about 4.3% of renal parenchymal tumors. It is generally a benign tumor, with a typical case being a unilateral lesion, 10% being multiple, and a few being bilateral. Complications include low back pain, mostly dull pain. Lumps, about 1/3 of the lumps can be palpated. Hematuria, microscopic hematuria is common. Ultrasound examination shows a uniform low echoic mass in the kidney, with clear boundaries and a smooth capsule.

　　58% to 83% of patients have no clinical symptoms, usually discovered through health check-ups or during visits for other diseases. Some patients may have dull pain in the lower back, abdominal masses, and microscopic hematuria.

　　1. Low back pain:Mostly dull pain.

　　2. Lumps:About 1/3 of the lumps can be palpated.

　　3. Hematuria:Hematuria is common under the microscope.

　　There is currently no effective preventive measure for this disease. Early detection and early diagnosis are the key to the prevention and treatment of this disease. It is important to pay attention to the issue of oxyphilic cell tumors of the kidney. Oxyphilic cell tumors are mostly benign and malignant cases are rare, so there is no need to worry too much. The surgery risk is high, but as long as the preoperative preparation (2-3 weeks) is well done: mainly expansion treatment, it can greatly reduce the surgical risk, but the surgery should be done in a large hospital, or in other words, in a hospital with good anesthesia conditions, because the main risk of surgery is during anesthesia. Of course, the attending physician also requires proficiency. As long as the above two points are guaranteed, there should be no major problems.

　　Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) accelerated, anemia, increased blood calcium.

　　1. Ultrasound:Uniform hypoechogenic renal mass, clear boundaries, smooth capsule.

　　2. IVU:Enlarged renal shadow with localized renal parenchymal mass, compression and displacement of renal pelvis and calyces.

　　3. Renal arteriography:The mass is arranged in a spoke-like pattern, but there are few arteriovenous fistulas, and it is difficult to differentiate from hypovascular renal cell carcinoma.

　　4. CT:There is a low-density area in the renal parenchyma, which is only slightly enhanced after enhancement, and the internal density is uniform and consistent.

　　1. Foods that are good for the body for oxyphilic cell tumors of the kidney

　　Eat light, eat more vegetables and fruits, and properly balance the diet, ensuring adequate nutrition.

　　2. Foods to avoid for oxyphilic cell tumors of the kidney

　　Avoid smoking, drinking, spicy food, greasy food, and smoking. Avoid cold and raw food.

　　(The above information is for reference only, please consult a doctor for details.)

　　1. Treatment

　　The preferred treatment is to preserve the renal unit surgery. After tumor resection, multiple rapid frozen sections should be checked at the edges of the renal parenchyma. If there are doubts in the pathology, radical nephrectomy should be performed. If the CT or MRI results show typical star-like scars, and there is a suspicion of oxyphilic cell tumor, the size and location of the tumor do not affect the preservation of renal unit surgery or energy ablation therapy, and this treatment can be considered. However, since most patients cannot be diagnosed clearly before surgery, they are often misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma and undergo radical nephrectomy.

　　2. Prognosis

　　Oxyphilic cell tumors of the kidney generally tend to be benign lesions, with few cases of malignancy. However, there are also a few cases with infiltrative growth and an invasive nature, leading to poor prognosis.