Urinary system tumors

　　The etiology of urinary system tumors has not been fully clarified yet, and the following are generally recognized:

　　1. Long-term exposure to aromatic substances in occupations such as dyeing, leather, rubber, and painters.

　　2. Smoking is also a cause of increased incidence of urinary system tumors.

　　Recent research shows that the metabolism of the carcinogen tryptophan in the urine of smokers increases by 5%, and when smoking stops, the level of tryptophan returns to normal.

　　3. Abnormal metabolism of tryptophan in the body.

　　Abnormal metabolism of tryptophan can produce some metabolites that can directly affect the synthesis of RNA and DNA in cells. These metabolites are excreted into the bladder after being acted upon by the liver and then acted upon by β-glucuronidase, which has a carcinogenic effect.

　　4. Long-term local irritation of the bladder mucosa.

　　Long-term chronic local irritation of the bladder wall, such as long-term chronic infection, long-term irritation of bladder stones, and urinary tract obstruction, may be factors that induce cancer, while adenomatous cystitis and mucosal leukoplakia are considered to be precancerous lesions that can induce cancer.

　　5. Drugs. For example, the long-term use of non-aspirin drugs has been confirmed to cause urinary system tumors.

　　6. Parasitic diseases.

　　Urinary system tumors can cause various complications in the whole body system, the specific complications are as follows.

　　1. Adrenal crisis.

　　2. Urinary system stones.

　　3. Urothelial cancer.

　　4. Prostate hyperplasia.

　　5. Prostate tumor.

　　6. Bladder tumor.

　　7. Urinary fistula.

　　8. Renal hydrops.

　　9. Kidney dysfunction.

　　10. Electrolyte disorder.

　　11. Male sexual dysfunction.

　　The most basic manifestation of urinary system tumors is hematuria, which is mostly painless, whole-course hematuria that appears intermittently, and occasionally symptoms such as frequent urination and urgency. With the growth of the tumor, its mass can directly compress the bladder outlet or be blocked by blood clots, causing difficulty in urination and abdominal distension. When the pelvis is extensively infiltrated, symptoms such as lumbar sacral pain, lower limb edema, and severe anemia may occur.

　　In addition to the common diseases mentioned above, urinary system tumors also include upper urinary tract epithelial cancer, renal pelvis cancer, urethral epithelial tumors, penile cancer, testicular cancer, and so on. He especially wants to remind everyone that some bad habits, such as smoking, excessive drinking, lack of exercise, excessive tension, anxiety, and excessive consumption of animal fats, can cause great harm to health. In addition, factors such as environmental pollution may increase the incidence of certain tumors, which should be highly valued.

　　Not smoking, drinking less alcohol, maintaining a regular lifestyle, having a balanced diet, paying attention to the hygiene of the reproductive organs, and being aware of one's own changes all have a positive effect on the prevention and early detection of tumors. As elderly males in the high-risk group for this type of tumor, they should have a physical examination once a year, so that tumors can be treated early if detected.

　　Maintain a positive spirit, quit smoking, have regular physical examinations, actively treat the primary disease, and seek medical attention and diagnosis promptly if hematuria is found. Young people should definitely go to the designated family planning and maternal and child health consultation clinic for physical examination and counseling on family planning before marriage, actively treat primary diseases, pay attention to sexual hygiene, and avoid multiple pregnancies and abortions.

　　According to the different types of tumors, different examination methods are used for urinary system tumors. The specific examination methods are as follows:

　　1. The diagnosis of renal cancer relies on ultrasound, CT, MRI, excretory urography, and angiography when necessary.

　　2. Finding cancer cells in urine: Take the first morning urine after natural urination for examination and look for shed cancer cells under the microscope. Attention must be paid to: Take the completely empty urine in the bladder in time for examination, so that the diagnostic rate is high.

　　3. Transrectal ultrasonography of the bladder area: Understand the location, size, and depth of infiltration of the mass or ulcer in the bladder cavity.

　　4. Cystoscopy: It is an important examination method. Through cystoscopy, the location, size, extent, and other factors of the tumor can be observed, and tumor tissue can be biopsied for diagnosis, and effective treatment measures can be taken.

　　Patients with urinary system tumors should eat more foods with anti-vesical and urethral tumor effects, such as toads, frogs, snails, seaweed, nori, tortoise, turtle, jellyfish, water snake, Job's tears, water chestnuts, walnuts, goat kidneys, pork kidneys, broad beans, sandworms, perch, and mackerel.

　　Avoid smoking, alcohol, coffee, cocoa; avoid spicy, hot, and blood-activating foods; avoid moldy, fried, and greasy foods.

　　For infiltrative cancer at the vesical dome, partial cystectomy of the bladder can be performed; for infiltrative cancer at the bladder base, radical cystectomy is required.

　　For solitary localized tumors, isotope implantation radiotherapy can be used; for large-area infiltrative tumors, cobalt-60 or linear accelerator can be used for irradiation.

　　Chemotherapy

　　1. Intravesical injection of BCG.

　　2. Combined application of high-dose cisplatin and sodium thiosulfate.

　　3. FA regimen: ADM 50mg/m2, I.V., day 1; 5-Fu 600mg/m2, I.V., day 1, repeated every 21 days.