Colon smooth muscle tumors

　　1. Etiology

　　It is generally believed that the causes of colon smooth muscle tumors include embryogenicity, chronic stimulation, and excessive concentration of methylnaphthalene in feces.

　　2, Pathogenesis

　　Colon smooth muscle tumors occur in the muscular layer or submucosal muscular layer of the intestinal wall, and some originate from the vascular muscular layer. Tumors are mostly solitary, with a diameter ranging from 1cm to more than 10cm. They can be classified into intraluminal, extraluminal, intramural, and simultaneous intraluminal and extraluminal growth according to the growth pattern, among which intraluminal growth is the most common. Starr et al. reported that subserosal type accounts for 65.8%, interstitial type 15.8%, extraluminal and intraluminal type 10.5%, and submucosal type 7.9% (Figure 1, 2). The mass can be spherical, hemispherical, or partially lobulated, with clear edges and no capsule.

　　1, Gastrointestinal bleeding is often intermittent and small in amount, with varying durations, and occasionally massive bleeding leading to shock.

　　2, Intestinal obstruction caused by tumor compression. Changes in defecation habits, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal mass, and intestinal obstruction. Generally, colon smooth muscle tumors are often without specific symptoms, gastrointestinal bleeding is often intermittent and small in amount, with varying durations, and occasionally massive bleeding leading to shock. The main cause of bleeding is compression of the mass or insufficient blood supply to the central part of the tumor, resulting in ischemic necrosis and ulcer formation on the surface.

　　The main clinical manifestations are abdominal pain, changes in defecation habits, gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal mass, and intestinal obstruction. Generally, colon smooth muscle tumors are often without specific symptoms, gastrointestinal bleeding is often intermittent and small in amount, with varying durations, and occasionally massive bleeding leading to shock. The main cause of bleeding is compression of the mass or insufficient blood supply to the central part of the tumor, resulting in ischemic necrosis and ulcer formation on the surface. Abdominal pain is a common symptom, often appearing before bleeding or the discovery of the mass. Abdominal pain is rare when the mass is less than 3cm, and most are dull or bloating pain, with unclear location, possibly due to tumor traction, compression of adjacent tissues, or partial intestinal obstruction.

　　1, Do not drink alcoholic beverages for a long time, quit smoking and drinking habits, do not overeat salted vegetables, sour, spicy and刺激性 food, do not eat moldy food. It is more important for those with chronic pharyngitis to develop good dietary hygiene habits, such as eating less meat and more vegetables, and eating more fresh fruits and vegetables.

　　2, In cold seasons, maintain appropriate temperature and humidity indoors, pay attention to air circulation. The room temperature should be around 20°C, do not cover too many quilts when sleeping at night, avoid excessive temperature or excessive dryness, which may cause discomfort in the throat. Do not sleep with the wind, and rest for a while after strenuous labor, do not take a cold shower immediately. For those with acute pharyngitis caused by common cold or flu, drink more hot water or ginger soup to induce sweating and increase urine excretion. Pay attention to smooth defecation. Treat acute inflammation in a timely manner to prevent it from becoming chronic. Organs with chronic lesions are more prone to malignancy.

　　1. X-ray characteristics

　　1, The interstitial type often does not produce X-ray signs due to the small size of the tumor.

　　2, Submucosal type presents as a circular filling defect with a neat margin within the intestinal lumen, the mucosal folds become thin due to the upward pull of the tumor, and sometimes the filling defect appears with a typical 'umbilical center' ulcer or sinus tract extending into the filling defect.

　　3. The subserosal type may not show X-ray signs when it is very small, and when it is larger, it may appear as a shadow of soft tissue mass outside the intestine.

　　4. The intraluminal and extraluminal types can cause double signs of intraluminal filling defect and extraluminal compression.

　　Second, ultrasonic and CT examination

　　It helps to understand the location, size, and relationship of the mass with the intestinal wall, as well as whether there is a cystic change, so it has differential diagnostic significance for whether the mass is inflammatory or tumorous.

　　Diet

　　1. [Ingredients]:Astragalus 50 grams, jujube 10 pieces, lean pork in appropriate amount, Hedysarum 100 grams.

　　2. [Preparation]:Add Astragalus and Hedysarum to 1000 milliliters of clean water, boil over high heat, then simmer over low heat for 30 minutes, and then take the juice and stew with jujube and pork until they are soft, eat the meat and drink the soup.

　　3. [Effect]:Tonify Qi and harmonize the middle Jiao, regulate the spleen and stomach, generate body fluid, and clear heat and detoxify. Suitable for abdominal pain, distension, frequent defecation in colorectal cancer. Silver flower vine congee.

　　4. [Method of eating]:Once a day, eat 100 grams of congee at a meal.

　　1. Light food:Generally speaking, after surgery, patients must pay attention to a light and easy-to-digest diet with reasonable nutrition. As the condition improves, gradually return to normal diet. Foods such as garlic, onions, green onions, chives, beer, and lamb, which are easy to produce flatulence and odor, can bring discomfort to themselves, and should be eaten as little as possible or not at all.

　　2. Pay attention to defecation:In daily life, it is necessary to pay attention to developing the habit of regular defecation, drink a glass of cool water in the morning every day to stimulate defecation, or inject a small amount of physiological saline into the artificial anus to induce defecation, and appropriate physical exercise also helps to regulate defecation.

　　3. Diet habits:After long-term investigation, it was found that if patients consume刺激性食物 for a long time, it can accelerate the恶化 of the disease. Therefore, patients should try to avoid spicy and irritating foods, and avoid using chili, scallions, chives, etc. in fried and fried foods; at the same time, they must also avoid smoking and drinking, and should control the intake of fat appropriately, eat vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins and fiber appropriately, and ensure smooth defecation.