Incomplete intestinal obstruction

　　There are the following types of causes for incomplete intestinal obstruction:

　　1. Neural disorder (30%): Due to damage or disorder of the autonomic nervous system, the paralysis of intestinal motor nerves, mesenteric vascular thrombosis or thrombosis, lead to intestinal blood circulation disorder, followed by intestinal paralysis, which makes the intestinal contents unable to pass, resulting in paralytic intestinal obstruction.

　　2. Chemical irritation (25%): Due to neural reflex or chemical irritation, the atrophy and fibrosis of the intestinal wall smooth muscle, and the degenerative changes of the circular muscle or longitudinal muscle of the intestinal wall lead to dysfunction of the intestinal wall muscle, loss of intestinal peristalsis, or intestinal spasm, but without organic narrowing of the intestinal lumen, resulting in dynamic intestinal obstruction.

　　3. Disease factors (28%): The narrowing of the intestinal lumen caused by tumors leads to obstacles in the passage of intestinal contents, resulting in mechanical intestinal obstruction.

　　It can produce a series of symptoms such as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and defecation disorder. In severe cases, it can lead to intestinal wall ischemia, followed by intestinal necrosis. If not treated actively, it can lead to death.

　　The symptoms of incomplete intestinal obstruction include the following:

　　1. Abdominal pain, characterized by colicky pain.

　　2. Vomiting, which is reflexive in the early stage and may be frequent in the late stage; vomiting occurs early in high obstructions and late in low obstructions.

　　3. Abdominal distension, usually not obvious in high obstructions; significant and widespread in low or paralytic obstructions.

　　4. The anus stops defecation and flatus, but high or early obstruction may still have flatus; in cases of strangulation, sticky blood stools may be passed.

　　5. Intestinal shape and peristaltic waves can be seen, accompanied by hyperactive bowel sounds and gurgling sounds, peritonitis, tenderness, and rebound pain are the manifestations of intestinal stricture.

　　If there are symptoms such as intermittent abdominal colic, cessation of flatus and defecation, vomiting, abdominal distension, intestinal shape, and hyperactive bowel sounds with a gurgling sound, peritonitis, tenderness, and rebound pain, it is necessary to seek medical treatment promptly. In addition to necessary medical history and symptom inquiries and physical examinations, chest and abdominal X-rays and abdominal flat films should be performed. For those with unclear early symptoms and signs, short-term close observation of the condition should be conducted, and patients should not be easily discharged to prevent delays in diagnosis and treatment, leading to intestinal stricture, intestinal necrosis, and the occurrence of severe dehydration, hypovolemia, and systemic toxic shock leading to death. Early simple colonic obstruction can consider non-surgical treatment, but it needs to be closely observed, and if conservative treatment is ineffective or the condition worsens, it should be timely explored by laparotomy. The surgical method should be determined according to the different causes of obstruction and pathological changes, and efforts should be made to preserve viable intestinal segments while not leaving behind non-viable segments.

　　The following examinations should be conducted for incomplete intestinal obstruction:

　　1. General physical examination: It is a comprehensive observation of the patient's overall health status and is the first step in the physical examination process. It includes gender, age, body temperature, respiration, pulse, blood pressure, development, nutrition, consciousness status, facial expression, posture, gait, etc. Attention should also be paid to the patient's attire, personal hygiene, breath or body odor, and the patient's mental state and response to people and objects in the surrounding environment, as well as a comprehensive assessment of the overall condition and organ function.

　　2. Abdominal X-ray examination: It is one of the reliable methods for diagnosing intestinal obstruction.

　　Problems to be aware of in the diet for incomplete intestinal obstruction:

　　Firstly, suitable diet

　　1. Half-liquid diet can be consumed after one week post-operation, such as noodles, wontons, millet dates porridge, buns, bread, soda crackers, braised tofu, steamed fish, and braised fresh vegetable ends, etc.

　　2. Easy-to-digest foods that promote defecation, such as vegetables, seaweed, pork blood, carrots, etc.; hawthorn, pineapple, papaya, etc.; consuming foods rich in fiber, such as various vegetables, fruits, brown rice, whole grains, and beans, can help defecate, prevent constipation, stabilize blood sugar, and lower blood cholesterol.

　　3. Consume light and nutritious liquid foods, such as congee, vegetable soup, lotus root starch, egg flower soup, and noodles, etc.

　　4. Prefer processed or finely cooked foods for easy chewing and digestion. Whole eggs can be consumed 1-2 times a week. Diversify the intake of the following six major food categories: dairy and its products, root and tuber crops, meat, fish, beans, eggs, vegetables, fruits, and oils, to fully obtain various nutrients.

　　5. Consume foods rich in protein and iron, such as lean meat, fish and shrimp, animal blood, animal liver and kidneys, egg yolks, dairy products, and jujube, green leafy vegetables, sesame paste, etc.

　　6. Choose vegetable oils for cooking, and use methods such as boiling, steaming, mixing with cold dishes, roasting, braising, stewing, etc.; avoid foods high in cholesterol such as fatty meat, internal organs, fish eggs, butter, etc.

　　Secondly, dietary taboos

　　1. It is not advisable to consume foods that produce gas, such as milk, soy milk, and foods rich in rough fibers, such as celery, soybean sprouts, onions, etc.

　　2. Avoid long fiber foods and gas-forming foods before surgery, such as celery, cabbage, rapeseed, radish, potato, sweet potato, soybean, broad bean, etc. After surgery, avoid greasy, rough, fishy, and spicy foods such as fatty meat, animal internal organs, brown rice, dog meat, mutton, beef, smoked fish, etc.

　　3. Avoid rough foods, after 3-4 days after surgery, after anal exhaust, it indicates that the intestinal function has begun to recover. At this time, a small amount of liquid food can be given, and after 5-6 days, it can be changed to low-residue semi-liquid food. Avoid eating chicken, ham, pigeon meat, and soup of various vegetables. Even if this food is cooked very well, one should not be in a hurry.

　　4. Avoid greasy foods, even after the 10th day when the body can tolerate soft food, greasy foods should not be eaten early, such as mother chicken soup, meat soup, mutton, fatty meat, bone soup, turtle meat, etc.

　　5. Avoid spicy foods, even after the suture is removed after surgery, dog meat, mutton, sparrow meat, sparrow eggs, bamboo shoots, scallions, pumpkins, beef, coriander, smoked fish, smoked meat, chili, chives, garlic sprouts, and clam meat should be avoided. After surgery, avoid greasy, rough, fishy, and spicy foods such as fatty meat, animal internal organs, brown rice, dog meat, mutton, beef, smoked fish, etc.

　　Treatment methods for incomplete intestinal obstruction:

　　1. Fasting: Intentionally stopping food intake, even drinks, and the corresponding behavior should include the prohibition of sexual activity.

　　2. Gastric tube placement and continuous gastrointestinal decompression: A gastric tube is a very commonly used drainage tube in abdominal surgery. Gastrointestinal decompression is a treatment method that uses a negative pressure suction device to extract gas and fluid accumulated in the gastrointestinal tract through a catheter, reducing the pressure and tension in the gastrointestinal tract, improving the blood circulation of the gastrointestinal wall, and promoting the recovery of gastrointestinal function. Rational and scientific nursing care for such patients is of great significance in reducing complications and improving efficacy.

　　3. Supplementation of water, electrolytes, and vitamins: Rational, safe, and simple electrolyte supplementation and correction of acid-base imbalance is the most basic treatment.

　　4. Acupuncture: The general term for needle and moxibustion. Needle technique involves inserting fine needles into specific acupoints in the patient's body, using twisting and lifting techniques to treat diseases. Moxibustion involves burning moxa at specific acupoints to灼burn the skin, using heat to treat diseases.

　　5. Supportive treatment;

　　6. The application of antibiotics;

　　7. Traditional Chinese medicine and herbs;

　　8. Surgical treatment.