Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia

　　Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main pathogenic bacterium causing human disease in the genus Pseudomonas, which is a Gram-negative bacillus with flagella arranged singly or in pairs. The flagella have thermoresistant antigens, and the cell wall has a layer of phagocytic polysaccharide. Although it is an aerobic bacterium, it can grow under anaerobic conditions, and grows well at 25-37°C. It can tolerate high concentrations of hydrochloric acid, disinfectants, and general antibiotics, so it is the main pathogen of hospital-acquired infections. The colonies are flat and glassy, produce hemolysin, and are related to pulmonary infections. 90% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa can produce extracellular proteases, causing hemorrhage and necrotic lesions. The toxins produced by the bacteria have the highest virulence and can inhibit the protein synthesis of susceptible cells. Clinically, there are two types: septicemic pneumonia comes from the blood source or mononuclear phagocytes; non-septicemic pneumonia is caused by aspiration of upper respiratory tract secretions.

　　The complications of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia include sepsis, respiratory failure, renal insufficiency, heart failure, pleural effusion, gastrointestinal bleeding, etc., which seriously harm people's health, so it is necessary to treat it in a timely manner.

　　What are the symptoms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia? The systemic toxic symptoms are severe, with fluctuating body temperature, with peaks in the morning; cough, purulent sputum, with a few patients having emerald green purulent sputum; respiratory distress, cyanosis, with wet rales audible, 30% to 50% developing empyema, and in severe cases, confusion, prone to complications such as respiratory failure, renal insufficiency, shock, electrolyte disturbance, heart failure, etc. The white blood cell count can be moderately high or normal, blood biochemical examination shows low potassium, sodium, and chloride levels, and liver and kidney function damage can also occur.

　　How to prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia? Briefly described as follows:

　　11. Strictly implement all operational and regulatory systems to cut off the transmission route of cross-infection.

　　10. Strengthen the care of the oropharynx of comatose patients, and it is necessary to regularly apply 2% polymyxin B cream to the buccal and oropharyngeal mucosa when necessary to prevent respiratory infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

　　9. Strict sterilization of medical equipment, including ventilators, nebulizers, tracheal intubation, and others.

　　8. Rational use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, strictly control the indications for the use of corticosteroids.

　　What examinations should be done for Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia? Briefly described as follows:

　　1. Laboratory examination

　　The white blood cell count can be moderately high or normal. Blood biochemical examination shows low potassium, sodium, and chloride levels, and liver and kidney function damage can also occur.

　　2. Other auxiliary examinations

　　The X-ray manifestation is commonly diffuse bilateral bronchopneumonia, which can involve multiple lung lobes, with the lower lobes being more common. The lesions are small abscesses, which can merge into large areas of infiltration, with multiple small abscesses, and can also be accompanied by a small amount of pleural effusion.

　　What should be paid attention to in the diet and health care of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia patients? Briefly described as follows:

　　One: Prefer to eat

　　1. Foods should be high in nutrition, light, and easy to digest, such as juices and congee.

　　2. Prefer to eat fresh fruits and vegetables.

　　3. Prefer to eat fish, eggs, and other foods rich in vitamin A.

　　Two: Avoid eating

　　1. Avoid spicy and greasy foods, do not eat large fish, meat, and overly greasy foods. Pneumonia patients should not add spices such as chili, pepper, mustard, Sichuan pepper, etc. to their diet. Quit smoking and drinking.

　　2. Avoid eating sweet and warm fruits such as peaches, apricots, plums, and tangerines.

　　3. Avoid cold and cool foods, such as various ice drinks; cold and cool fruits and vegetables, including watermelons, pears, bananas, kiwis, etc.

　　4. Avoid eating sour foods such as vinegar, sauerkraut, pickled vegetables, hawthorn, Chinese plum, sour tangerines, etc.

　　5. Avoid eating astringent foods such as white sesame seeds, lotus root nodes, and unripe persimmons, hawthorns, etc.

　　Three: Dietetic Recipes for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia Patients

　　1. Stir-fried Carp with Celery

　　Ingredients: 250 grams of carp, 50 grams of fresh celery, starch, ginger strips, garlic strips, soy sauce, sugar, vinegar, refined salt, monosodium glutamate, cooking wine, soaked chili peppers, and vegetable oil in appropriate amounts.

　　Preparation: Cut the carp into strips, cut the celery into segments, and mix soy sauce, sugar, vinegar, monosodium glutamate, cooking wine, salt, starch, and stock to make a sauce. Heat the wok over high heat, add oil and heat to 5 degrees, add the fish strips and stir-fry to disperse, drain the excess oil, add ginger strips and soaked chili peppers, stir-fry the celery segments to a fragrant aroma, then add the sauce, add bright oil, and remove from heat.

　　Effects: Carp has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, diuretic, reducing swelling, and relieving cough and asthma; celery has the effects of calming the liver and clearing heat, removing wind and dampness, and nourishing the spirit and invigorating the body. Eating carp and celery together is suitable for the auxiliary treatment of acute and chronic pneumonia.

　　2. Rabbit Meat and Mushroom Strips

　　Ingredients: 100 grams of cooked rabbit meat, 50 grams of mushrooms, 25 grams of scallion whites, chili oil, soy sauce, vinegar, sugar, sesame oil, sesame paste, chili powder, and monosodium glutamate in appropriate amounts.

　　Preparation: Cut the cooked rabbit meat and scallion whites into thin strips, and cook the mushrooms. Place the scallions and mushrooms at the bottom, cover with rabbit strips, and serve in a dish. Gradually mix the sesame paste with soy sauce, mix well with sesame oil to make a sauce, and pour it over the rabbit and mushroom strips.

　　Effects: Rabbit meat has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, invigorating the spleen, removing dampness and cooling the blood, and promoting defecation. Mushrooms have the effects of detoxifying, moisturizing, invigorating the spleen, and stopping diarrhea. Eating rabbit meat and mushrooms together is suitable for treating acute pneumonia.

　　3. Quail and Lily Soup

　　Ingredients: 1 quail, 25 grams of lily, ginger, scallion, monosodium glutamate, and fine salt in appropriate amounts.

　　Preparation: After killing the quail, remove the feathers, claws, and internal organs, wash it clean, then blanch it in boiling water, remove and cut into pieces; separate the lily into petals, wash and set aside. Wash the ginger and scallion, crush the ginger, and cut the scallion into segments. Place a pot on a high heat, add some water, put in the quail, bring to a boil, add the lily petals, ginger pieces, and scallion segments, then simmer over low heat until the quail is cooked. Add salt and monosodium glutamate, simmer for a few minutes, and serve in a soup bowl.

　　Effects: Quail meat has the effects of nourishing the five zang organs, benefiting the liver and clearing the lung, clearing heat and promoting diuresis, resolving accumulation and stopping diarrhea, etc.; lily has the effects of moistening the lung and stopping cough, nourishing yin and clearing heat, calming the mind, etc. When eaten together, they are suitable for acute and chronic pneumonia.

　　4. Lean Meat and Chinese Cabbage Soup

　　Ingredients: Lean meat and Chinese cabbage heart each 100 grams, a little ginger, garlic, salt, monosodium glutamate, and chicken oil.

　　Preparation: Slice the lean meat, wash and slice the Chinese cabbage, place it in boiling water, remove it when just cooked, rinse with cold water, drain the water and set aside; place the pot on a high heat, add chicken oil and heat to 50% maturity, add garlic and stir-fry until golden brown, then add the lean meat and stir-fry together, add fine salt, cook in soup, add the Chinese cabbage heart and bring to a boil, then add monosodium glutamate and it is ready to eat.

　　Effects: Lean meat has the effects of replenishing the middle-jiao and Qi, moistening the intestines and stomach; Chinese cabbage is mild in nature and sweet in taste, with the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, resolving phlegm and stopping cough, relieving irritability and promoting defecation, etc. When lean meat and Chinese cabbage are eaten together, it is suitable for acute and chronic pneumonia.

　　What are the treatment methods for Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia? Briefly described as follows:

　　Due to the special cell wall structure of the bacterium and its tendency to produce chromosomal induction enzymes under antibiotic use, which can hydrolyze beta-lactam antibiotics, high doses, long-term treatment, and combined medication should be used in treatment. The main antibiotics used for Pseudomonas aeruginosa include beta-lactam antibiotics, such as partial synthetic penicillins and cephalosporins. Commonly used partial synthetic penicillins include carbenicillin, furbenicillin, and piperacillin, administered intravenously. Due to increased resistance to carbenicillin and the significantly higher activity of piperacillin compared to carbenicillin, piperacillin is often used to replace carbenicillin in clinical practice. Ticarcillin-clavulanate potassium, piperacillin, and ertapenem have also been applied in clinical settings. Generally, any aminoglycoside drug can be added, such as gentamicin, amikacin (butylamine), netilmicin (Rifamicin), etc., to enhance efficacy, with the same dosage as before; high-efficiency third-generation cephalosporins can also be used, but there is a significant difference in efficacy, with cefotaxime (cefotetan) being the most effective; fourth-generation cephalosporins, such as cefepime and cefpirome, are mostly used for hospital-acquired infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria; super广谱抗菌药物 imipenem-cilastatin (Tigan) can also be added to 0.9% normal saline, administered intravenously in divided doses.