Cervical hypertrophy

　　1. Cervical gland mucus stasis:Cervical gland mucus stasis is one of the causes of female cervical hypertrophy. When the mucus stasis of the female cervical glands develops severely, it can form cysts of different sizes, making the female cervix hypertrophic, causing cervical hypertrophy and infertility.

　　2. Long-term stimulation by chronic inflammation:Long-term stimulation by chronic inflammation can also cause female cervical hypertrophy. Long-term inflammation stimulation includes chronic pelvic inflammation, which can cause female cervical congestion, swelling, and edema, and cause the glands and stroma of the cervix to proliferate, thereby causing female cervical hypertrophy and infertility.

　　3. Invasion of pathogens:The pathogens causing cervical hypertrophy include mycoplasma, chlamydia, bacteria, etc. Once patients are infected with mycoplasma, chlamydia, and other viruses, the cervix will be severely interfered with, causing cervical hypertrophy and infertility.

　　4. Uterine cavity congestion:Because uterine cavity congestion can cause proliferation of uterine connective tissue, which in turn leads to cervical hypertrophy.

　　5. Ovarian dysfunction:Due to the long-term stimulation of estrogen, the cervix becomes hypertrophic, and the most common clinical manifestation is functional uterine bleeding.

　　6. Inflammation caused:Both chronic adnexitis and pelvic fascitis can cause the proliferation of collagen fibers within the uterine muscular layer, eventually leading to cervical hypertrophy.

　　Cervical hypertrophy is a type of cervical inflammation and a common disease among women of childbearing age. It has both acute and chronic forms, with the main clinical symptom being an increase in leukorrhea. Generally, cervical hypertrophy does not require treatment unless there is erosion, in which case cervical erosion can be treated. If cervical hypertrophy is not treated and becomes severe cervical inflammation, it can lead to endometritis, salpingo-oophoritis, salpingal adhesion, and obstruction, causing infertility and sterility.

　　The surface of the hypertrophied cervix may also show desquamation of squamous epithelium and hyperplasia of columnar epithelium due to injury or inflammation stimulation, forming erosion. After the inflammation is treated, the local congestion and edema of the cervix subside, and the surface of the cervix is covered with squamous epithelium again, returning to a smooth appearance. However, the hyperplastic connective tissue does not regress and still exists, so the cervix still maintains its hypertrophied appearance, and sometimes it can increase by 1 to 2 times or more.

　　The main clinical symptoms of cervical hypertrophy are increased leukorrhea. In addition, due to the hyperplasia of connective tissue and the spread of inflammation along the cervical parietes or through the sacroiliac ligament to the pelvic cavity, patients often complain of lower back and sacral pain or perineal distension, which are the two most prominent symptoms of cervical hypertrophy.

　　1, In the early stage of cervical hypertrophy, the symptoms are generally not obvious, only manifested as menorrhagia. Attention should be paid to differentiate from dysfunctional uterine bleeding, submucosal fibroids, and adenomyosis. Routine ultrasound examination is required to avoid misdiagnosis.

　　2, Cervical hypertrophy often occurs in women around 40 years old and is often associated with a history of multiple pregnancies. Therefore, for women with multiple pregnancies and a large amount of vaginal bleeding, the diagnosis of this disease should be considered first; for those over 45 years old or those with recurrent bleeding and long-term treatment without improvement, diagnostic curettage should be performed and pathological examination should be done to exclude malignant changes of the endometrium.

　　3, The cervical hypertrophy presented in this disease is uniform, with no uneven nodules on the surface. The uterine cavity is not deformed during the probe examination, and there is no feeling of mass.

　　4, Increased Leukorrhea: When there is an acute inflammation, leukorrhea is often purulent and accompanied by lower abdominal pain, frequent urination, urgency, and dysuria. When the inflammation becomes chronic, leukorrhea is often milky or yellowish purulent mucus.

　　5, When the condition is severe, the surface of the hypertrophied cervix may also show desquamation of squamous epithelium and hyperplasia of columnar epithelium due to injury or inflammation stimulation, forming mild erosion. However, after treatment, the surface of the cervix will be covered with squamous epithelium again and return to its smooth appearance.

　　6, Sexual Life Bleeding: When there is severe cervical erosion or cervical polyps, it can present as bloody leukorrhea or bleeding after sexual intercourse. Mild cases may have no systemic symptoms. When the inflammation spreads to the pelvic cavity along the sacroiliac ligament, there may be lower back and sacral pain, a feeling of lower abdominal distension, and dysmenorrhea, which may worsen during defecation or sexual intercourse.

　　1, Daily LifeWomen should change their underwear frequently in daily life, and it is best to choose cotton underwear, which is also beneficial to women's health. Women with malnutrition, weak resistance, or chronic diseases should pay attention to whether the disease has caused infection. While actively fighting the disease, they should also improve their body's resistance.

　　2, Personal HygieneWomen should pay attention to their personal hygiene, take a shower, and properly divide the basins and towels used. It is best to use hot water to disinfect them when using them to avoid bacterial infection.

　　3, Postpartum LifeAfter giving birth, women should pay attention to doing appropriate exercises and can lie in the prone position or on their knees and chest to rest quietly. This can effectively prevent the uterus from prolapse and also help women reduce the condition of pelvic congestion.

　　4. Sexual life aspects: If a woman has a vaginal inflammation, she should avoid sexual intercourse to prevent infection easily.

　　1. Cervical smear examination

　　Traditionally, cervical hypertrophy is generally screened for cervical diseases with cervical smears, but cervical smears are limited by many objective conditions, and the false-positive rate of a single smear is relatively high. Therefore, if cervical smears are used alone to screen for cervical diseases, it must be confirmed by three or more consecutive negative test results. However, if an experienced doctor performs colposcopy, the reliability of a single examination can reach over 95%.

　　2. Colposcopy examination

　　Colposcope is a magnifying glass equipped with a strong light source. Since the colposcope can magnify the lesion 10 to 40 times, it can observe the subtle changes on the cervical epithelium that cannot be seen with the naked eye. With the assistance of 3% to 5% acetic acid solution, it can distinguish whether the changes in cervical cells are benign or malignant; biopsy under colposcopic localization can increase the detection rate of positive cases and assist in the early discovery of precancerous and cancerous changes.

　　If cytological analysis is used, combined with colposcopy and biopsy under the microscope, the accuracy of diagnosing precancerous lesions and early invasive cancer will be greatly improved. Therefore, the combination of cervical smear and colposcopy can increase the probability of diagnosis, and is an important measure for early treatment of cervical diseases and other reproductive tract diseases.

　　3. TCT examination

　　Screening-type cancer examination, through TCT, it can distinguish a large number of surface shed cells, to see if there are abnormal cells or even malignant cells, which is an important cervical cancer screening test for married women.

　　4. HPV-DNA detection

　　HPV infection is a necessary factor in the development of cervical cancer. Colposcopy can see the surface lesion condition, but it is often late-stage lesions. Therefore, HPV-DNA detection can detect early cancer changes and provide timely treatment.

　　Dietary therapy is a good method for the treatment of cervical hypertrophy. However, it does not mean that dietary therapy can completely cure cervical hypertrophy, but rather play a role in regulating the body and controlling the condition. There are the following dietary therapies:

　　1. Take 30 grams of new silkworm chaff (wrapped in cloth), 30 grams of Job's tears, and boil in a pot with an appropriate amount of water. Take once a day for 5 to 7 days consecutively.

　　2. Daido flower 9 grams, white mulberry bark 12 grams, wrapped in gauze, add 200 milliliters of water, decoct to 150 milliliters, and drink in several doses. Generally, it takes about a week to take effect.

　  1. General Treatment

　　Many harmful bacteria first invade the vaginal side wall's mucosa and folds. This is a mild infection, which can usually be resolved by cleaning the vulva with a feminine hygiene product to maintain the vaginal self-cleaning function. However, if harmful bacteria continue to enter the vaginal fornix and cervix, it can cause cervical hypertrophy. At this point, relying on the vaginal self-cleaning function is not enough to solve the problem. A cleaning fluid is needed, and it is best to reach the vaginal fornix and cervix, with the length of the catheter determined by the female physiological characteristics. This can significantly improve the inflammation in the fornix area. For example, the patented eight-hole nozzle of the Jiaoyan Jieyin Washing Liquid can reach the vaginal fornix and cervix. General products are difficult to reach this area, so cervical hypertrophy is more likely to occur.

　　2. Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment

　　1. Damp-heat descending: Excessive leucorrhea, yellowish or with blood streaks, thick and resembling pus, foul smell, burning pain and swelling in the vagina, short and yellow urine, red tongue with thick yellow greasy coating, slippery and rapid pulse.

　　Treatment method: Clearing heat, promoting diuresis, and stopping leukorrhea.

　　Prescription: Poria 15 grams, Poria cocos 15 grams, Radix Paeoniae Rubra 15 grams, Moutan Cortex 15 grams, Patrinia scabiosa 15 grams, Gardenia jasminoides 10 grams, Coptis chinensis 10 grams, Plantago asiatica (wrapped) 10 grams, Cyathulaofficinalis 10 grams, prepared Liquorice 6 grams.

　　Traditional Chinese medicine: Anti-Cervical Inflammation Tablets.

　　2. Deficiency of both the spleen and kidney, profuse leukorrhea, white and thin in color, with a fishy smell. Weakness in the waist and knees, poor appetite and loose stools,坠痛 in the lower abdomen, frequent urination, pale tongue with white slippery coating, deep and slow pulse.

　　Treatment method: Strengthening the spleen and kidney, transforming dampness and stopping leukorrhea.

　　Prescription: Codonopsis 15 grams, Atractylodes 15 grams, Poria 15 grams, Job's tears 15 grams, bone fat 15 grams, cuttlefish bone 15 grams, Morinda officinalis 10 grams, Euryale ferox 10 grams, prepared Liquorice 6 grams. Traditional Chinese medicine: Warming the Channels and Clearing Leukorrhea Pill.

　　Three. Dietary Therapy Methods

　　Dietary therapy is a good method for the treatment of cervical hypertrophy. However, it does not mean that dietary therapy can completely cure cervical hypertrophy, but rather play a role in regulating the body and controlling the condition. There are the following dietary therapies:

　　1. New silkworm chaff 30 grams (wrapped in cloth), Job's tears 30 grams, placed in an earthen pot with an appropriate amount of water, decocted and taken, once a day, for 5-7 days in a row.

　　2. Daido flower 9 grams, white mulberry bark 12 grams, wrapped in gauze, add 200 milliliters of water, decoct to 150 milliliters, and drink in several doses. Generally, it takes about a week to take effect.

　　Four. Physical Therapy

　　For those with hypertrophy of the cervix, deep and extensive erosion involving the cervical canal, and (or) suspected of having malignant changes, selective physical therapy can be performed. Common ones include:

　　1. Electrocautery: Use the ironing head to contact the eroded surface, make the tissue coagulate, form a scab, and after about two weeks, the scab begins to fall off. The wound healing usually takes 6-8 weeks. The operation should be performed 3-5 days after the menstrual period. It is forbidden to use it for those with adnexitis. After treatment, the leukorrhea may temporarily increase or there may be bleeding. If there is more bleeding, it can be stopped by pressing with disinfected gauze, and it can be removed after 24 hours. The disadvantage is that sometimes cervical stenosis occurs due to scar contraction.

　　2. Cryotherapy: Using a rapid cooling device with liquid nitrogen, place the probe on the eroded surface for 1-3 minutes, remove it after natural warming, and make the diseased tissue freeze and necrose. After 2-3 weeks of treatment, a lot of watery secretions can be discharged. The advantage is that bleeding and cervical stenosis occur less frequently.

　　3. Laser Therapy: Laser carbonizes and crusts the eroded tissue, and the healing process is the same as the previous two treatment methods.

　　4. Focused Ultrasound Therapy.