Abnormal uterine development

　　During the formation and differentiation of female reproductive organs, changes may occur in the differentiation, development, fusion of primordial reproductive organs, canalization, and development due to certain endogenous factors (such as chromosomal nondisjunction of germ cells, chimerism, karyotype abnormalities, etc.) or exogenous factors (such as the use of sex hormone drugs, etc.). Incomplete development of mesonephric duct derivatives can lead to abnormalities in uterine and fallopian tube development, such as absence of uterus, absence of vagina, primordial uterus, underdeveloped uterus, unicorne uterus, etc. If there is a fusion defect in mesonephric duct derivatives, it can lead to abnormalities such as double uterus, bicorne uterus, saddle-shaped uterus, and septate uterus.

　　Abnormal uterine development may lead to infertility, miscarriage, preterm birth, or abnormal fetal position. During delivery, difficulties in uterine contraction, cervical dilation, and even uterine rupture may occur. Vaginal delivery may result in placental retention, postpartum hemorrhage, or postpartum infection.

　　Some patients with abnormal uterine development may not have any自觉 symptoms, and menstrual periods, sexual life, pregnancy, and childbirth also show no abnormalities, leading to the condition going undetected throughout life or being discovered incidentally during physical examinations. However, some patients may experience varying degrees of impact on the reproductive system function, and symptoms may only be detected at the time of sexual maturity, marriage, or during pregnancy and childbirth. The main symptoms are as follows.

　　1. Abnormal MenstruationPatients with congenital absence of uterus or primordial uterus have no menstruation. Patients with infantile uterus may have no menstruation, or have symptoms such as oligomenorrhea, delayed menstruation, dysmenorrhea, irregular menstrual periods. Patients with bicornuate uterus or bicorne uterus often have excessive menstrual volume and prolonged menstrual duration.

　　2. InfertilityWithout a uterus, primordial uterus, infantile uterus, etc., uterine underdevelopment is often one of the main causes of infertility.

　　3. Pathological PregnancyAfter pregnancy, patients with abnormal uterine development often suffer from miscarriage, premature birth, or malpresentation. Occasionally, spontaneous uterine rupture during pregnancy may occur. If the fallopian tube of a unicornuate uterus is patent, the ovum can implant in the unicornuate uterus, but due to its underdeveloped uterine muscle layer, it often ruptures during pregnancy, with symptoms similar to ectopic pregnancy.

　　Abnormal uterine development is a congenital disease and the most common type of reproductive organ malformation. Therefore, abnormal uterine development is a congenital disease with no special preventive measures.

　　Abnormal uterine development is usually detected by gynecological examination. If necessary, a probe is used to measure the size and direction of the uterine cavity or to perform hysterosalpingography. Uterine malformations often occur with urinary system malformations or lower gastrointestinal malformations, and venous pyelography or barium enema examination can be performed if necessary. When urinary tract or lower gastrointestinal tract malformations are found, a detailed examination of whether there are reproductive organ malformations, including uterine malformations, is also needed.

　　Patients with abnormal uterine development can appropriately increase some meat foods in their diet. Patients should eat some legumes, lean meat, eggs, etc. They should also eat more pork liver, vegetables, and fruits in their daily life.

　　Abnormal uterine development, if it does not cause clinical symptoms, it is not necessary to be treated. If amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, infertility, or habitual abortion is caused by poor uterine development, endocrine therapy can be tried. If the patient's pain cannot be relieved after drug treatment, surgery can be considered. If dysmenorrhea, surgery can also be considered to remove the malformed uterus. If miscarriage or premature birth is caused by uterine malformation, surgery can be taken according to the different malformation conditions.