Ovarian tumor rupture

　　The causes of ovarian tumor rupture can be divided as follows:
　　There are two types of lesions, rupture and penetration, but their meanings are different. The former refers to the tumor bursting or being squeezed, with its contents leaking into the abdominal cavity; the latter refers to the tumor contents infiltrating into the abdominal cavity. There is a confusion phenomenon among clinical doctors at present, which should be distinguished.
　　There are two types of spontaneous ovarian tumor rupture and traumatic ovarian tumor rupture, the former is often due to the rapid infiltration growth of the tumor, insufficient blood supply to the cyst wall, erosion, and penetration through the weak part of the cyst wall; the latter is caused by external forces such as a heavy blow to the abdomen (punching, kicking, collision, etc.), childbirth, sexual intercourse, gynecological examination, puncture, or abdominal acupuncture therapy, etc., leading to the rupture of the tumor wall.

　　The nature of the fluid that leaks into the abdominal cavity after the rupture of different ovarian tumors can produce different consequences and corresponding symptoms and signs. The mucinous substance of mucinous cystadenoma or cancer of the ovary can form peritoneal mucinous tumors and intestinal adhesions; the sebaceous and keratin of cystic teratoma that leaks into the abdominal cavity can cause peritoneal lipid granulomas, etc.; more importantly, the rupture of malignant ovarian tumors is prone to pelvic and abdominal metastasis, forming masses or nodules, etc.

　　The severity of symptoms from ovarian tumor rupture depends on the size of the rupture, the nature and amount of the fluid in the abdominal cavity. Rupture of large cystic tumors or mature teratoma often causes sudden or persistent severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, sometimes leading to internal hemorrhage, peritonitis, and shock. When the tumor rupture is small, there may only be mild or moderate abdominal pain.

　　Ovarian tumor rupture is an acute and severe condition, which is a relatively common gynecological acute abdomen, and it must be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. Delaying treatment can seriously affect the patient's physical health and even cause death. About 3% of ovarian tumors may rupture. Patients with confirmed ovarian tumors should avoid abdominal pressure, unnecessary gynecological examinations, sexual intercourse, and other activities to reduce the likelihood of tumor rupture.

　　For those with a pre-existing ovarian tumor who suddenly experience abdominal pain, abdominal wall tension, resistance to palpation, and even abdominal distension and shock, it should be considered whether there is a rupture of ovarian tumor. Especially after abdominal pressure, gynecological examination, sexual intercourse, puncture, and other phenomena, it is more likely. If the original mass disappears or shrinks, mobile dullness appears in the abdomen, B-ultrasound shows a liquid shadow area, and puncture has cystic content or blood, it can be diagnosed.
　　1. Laboratory tests:Tumor marker examination, coagulation time examination.
　　2. Other auxiliary examinations:Ultrasound examination, laparoscopic examination, and histopathological examination.

　　The dietary precautions for patients with ovarian tumor rupture include the following aspects:

　　1. Eat more foods with anti-tumor effects: horseshoe crab, hippocampus, turtle, dragon pearl tea, hawthorn.

　　2. For bleeding, eat goat blood, snail, clam, cuttlefish, shepherd's purse, lotus root, mushroom, malan head, stone ear, hickory, persimmon cake, etc.

　　3. For infection, eat eel, winkle, mussel, needlefish, crucian carp, kelp, celery, sesame, buckwheat, rapeseed, toon, red bean, mung bean, etc.

　　4. For abdominal pain and distension, eat pork kidney, myrica, hawthorn, jujube, walnut, chestnut, etc.

　　5. Avoid smoking and drinking.

　　6. Avoid刺激性 foods such as scallion, garlic, pepper, cinnamon, etc.

　　7. Avoid greasy, fried, moldy, and preserved foods.

　　8. Avoid warm and moving blood foods such as mutton, dog meat, chive, pepper, etc.

　　For those suspected or confirmed to have ovarian tumor rupture, immediate treatment should be given, which can include laparoscopic examination or direct laparotomy. During the operation, it is best to aspirate the cyst fluid as much as possible, and perform a cytological examination, clean the peritoneal cavity and pelvis, and remove the specimen for pathological examination. If suspected to be a malignant ovarian tumor rupture, rapid section examination should be performed, and special attention should be paid to whether it is a malignant ovarian tumor before proceeding according to the principles of treatment for malignant ovarian tumors.