Ovarian sclerosing stromal tumors

　　The etiology of ovarian sclerosing stromal tumors is not yet clear. However, at the cellular level, chromosomal abnormalities have been found in genetics; at the molecular level, the role of certain oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes has been found.

　　Ovarian sclerosing stromal tumors may cause complications such as pleural effusion and ascites in a small number of patients. When pleural effusion occurs, due to a large amount of fluid occupying the space in the pleural cavity, it can compress the lung tissue, causing atrophy, and symptoms such as chest pain and difficulty breathing may occur. A chest X-ray can show a clear liquid level. When ascites occurs, the abdomen will become significantly enlarged, resembling a frog belly, with positive mobile dullness, and ascites can be seen in B-ultrasound.

　　Due to the ability of tumor cells to secrete estrogens and androgens, clinical symptoms such as menstrual irregularities caused by endocrine disorders, primary or secondary infertility, postmenopausal bleeding, and masculinization may occur. Estrogens, testosterone, androstenone, and dehydroepiandrosterone in plasma are all elevated. Lifschitz et al. (1995) reported that progesterone receptors are positive in the glass-like bodies of the nuclei and tissues of sclerosing sex cord stromal tumors. All these confirm the endocrine function of the tumor. Symptoms improve after tumor resection, and there are reports of postoperative pregnancy in infertile patients. Larger tumors can be palpated as solid, smooth masses in the pelvic examination; smaller tumors are often found during other abdominal surgeries or when routine pathological sections of the ovary are performed, and the presence of microscopic tumors is found under the microscope.

　　Ovarian sclerosing stromal tumors are benign tumors with good prognosis and no recurrence. However, there are no targeted preventive measures, and it is recommended to screen the high-risk population regularly, detect early, treat early, and follow up regularly.

　　Due to the rarity of ovarian sclerosing stromal tumors, clinical diagnosis is somewhat difficult. When young (under 30 years old) patients have solid smooth masses in the pelvic cavity, accompanied by infertility or menstrual irregularity symptoms, the possibility of ovarian sclerosing stromal tumors should be considered in the diagnosis.
　　1. Laboratory tests:Hormonal level detection.
　　2. Other auxiliary examinations:X-ray, B-ultrasound examination, laparoscopy, histopathological examination.

　　The dietary注意事项for ovarian sclerosing stromal tumor patients are described as follows.
　　1. Ensure adequate supply of calories and protein: eat more milk, eggs, lean pork, beef, rabbit meat, fish, poultry, bean products, etc. If the patient dislikes light and savory meat, cheese, egg pancakes, salted duck eggs, etc. can be chosen. In daily life, more honey (honey food) and grain products such as rice and flour should also be eaten.
　　2. Eat more foods that enhance immunity: such as black fungus, mushrooms, tremella, mushrooms, as well as animal liver, fish liver oil, carrots, lettuce leaves, etc., which are rich in vitamin A and beta-carotene.
　　3. Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables: such as rapeseed, spinach, tomatoes, onions, fresh jujube, asparagus, hawthorn, pak choi, kiwi, kelp, etc. In case of severe nausea, you can eat vegetable juice, and also some fresh cold dishes and fruits.
　　4. Reasonably arrange the time for three meals: breakfast and dinner should be arranged before 6 a.m. and after 7 p.m. respectively, to extend the interval between taking medication and eating, and reduce drug reactions.
　　5. Drink plenty of water to promote toxin excretion: no less than 2000 milliliters per day to reduce the irritation of the digestive tract mucosa by drugs.
　　6. Avoid spicy foods and seasonings.
　　7. Avoid smoked, roasted, and salted foods.
　　8. Avoid spicy foods, such as pork head meat, dog meat, roosters, old geese, sows, buckwheat noodles, etc.

　　Ovarian sclerosing stromal tumors are benign tumors. After clear diagnosis, perform unilateral adnexectomy, usually with a good prognosis. Infertile patients may have normal menstruation after tumor resection, and can become pregnant and deliver normally.