滴虫性外阴炎

　　滴虫性外阴炎是由阴道毛滴虫引起的，常继发于滴虫性阴道炎。阴道毛滴虫是一种鞭毛虫，比多形核白细胞大许多，呈梨形，顶端有鞭毛四条，尾部有轴柱凸出，可以寄生在人体内而不引起临床症状。该病主要通过浴池、浴具、游泳池，或未彻底消毒的医疗器械等途径间接传播，直接传播可以通过性交，从男性泌尿系统传来，患者的尿液及粪便也可能是来源。妇女感染率一般在青春期后逐渐增高，30. ～40. 岁达高峰，至更年期后逐渐下降。.

　　滴虫性外阴炎的病原体能吞噬精子，并能阻碍乳酸的生成，影响精子在阴道内存活，因此可并发不孕症。此外，滴虫还可逆行向上，并发滴虫性阴道炎、尿道炎。

　　滴虫性外阴炎的阴道粘膜有红色小颗粒或瘀点，pH值较正常高，阴道有多量黄绿色或灰色泡沫分泌物流出，有腥臭味，有时混有少许血液或为脓性。分泌物刺激外阴而有痒感，外阴发红，甚或出现炎性溃疡，有的因湿润及擦伤所致，可蔓延至生殖股皱襞。性交时疼痛，并可有尿痛、尿频等症状。

　　由于滴虫对变化的环境适应力比较强，在不同浓度的肥皂水中亦具有相当强的抵抗力，容易被传播。因此，做好卫生预防工作尤为重要。应注意以下几点：

　　1、消灭传染源。由于本病极易感染，流行极广，而且有相当比例的健康带虫者，因此，应尽可能做到对妇产科门诊及住院患者常规进行白带毛滴虫检查，争取早期发现和及时治疗，消灭传染源。要达到防治目的，更应在工厂、学校、乡镇企业和居民中，定期开展普查和治疗，并要注意对患者配偶的防治。

　　2、杜绝传播途径。改善公民生活福利，提倡淋浴，废除公共浴池，改坐式便所为蹲式，严禁滴虫患者入游泳池，不出租公共游泳衣及毛巾。医院用过的检查器械及被服应严格消毒，检查台上的消毒巾，必须每人一块，用过随即更换。

　　3. Do a good job of health education, improving people's awareness of prevention.

　　4. Strictly manage the isolation and treatment of patients and carriers.

　　The diagnosis of trichomonal vulvitis not only relies on clinical manifestations but also on the indispensable auxiliary examinations. It mainly involves taking vaginal secretions for examination by the drop method, where active trichomonads can be found under the microscope, and they can also be seen in stained smears.

　　The dietary注意事项 for trichomonal vulvitis patients are as follows:

　　Suitable Diet
　　1. Patients should eat more garlic, onions, peaches, radishes, cherries, etc.
　　2. People with vulvar pruritus should eat more nutritious foods, such as chicken, milk, tofu, beans, etc.
　　3. Appropriately supplement vitamin A, vitamin B2, and folic acid, such as cod liver oil, carrots, animal livers, fish, apricots, whole wheat, pumpkin, and other foods. These foods can alleviate itching symptoms, but should not be consumed in excess.

　　Dietary taboos
　　1. Avoid spicy foods, such as chili, pepper, curry, and hot foods like lamb, dog meat, and longans. They can aid inflammation and worsen symptoms.
　　2. Avoid seafood, such as shrimps, crabs, and shellfish, which can worsen itching.
　　3. Avoid sweet and greasy foods, as these foods can increase vaginal discharge and thus worsen itching.
　　

　　The treatment methods for trichomonal vulvitis are as follows:

　　1. General Treatment
　　During the treatment, attention should be paid to keep the local area clean, and the underwear and items contacting the vulva should be boiled to prevent reinfection.

　　2. Drug Treatment
　　Oral metronidazole 200mg, three times a day, for a total of 7-10 days. The side effects are small, and in some cases, after taking the medicine, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, rash, and granulocytopenia may occur. After discontinuation of the drug, these side effects will disappear. Locally, 1% lactic acid or acetic acid solution can be used to wash the vulva and irrigate the vagina, and carbolic arsenic or dimetic acid or cetrocillin can be inserted into the vagina. A course of treatment is 7-10 days.