Endometrial polyps

　　1. Inflammatory factors

　　Women with a long history of gynecological inflammation are prone to uterine polyps. Long-term inflammation stimulation can cause the polyps to grow larger.

　　2. Endocrine disorders

　　Especially related to the level of estrogen being too high. Estrogen promotes the development of the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries themselves, and causes endometrial hyperplasia and menstrual periods. It can also promote the accumulation of subcutaneous fat, retention of sodium and water in the body, and calcium deposition in bones. Estrogen, whether secreted too much or too little, is not good, especially too much estrogen, which may trigger many cancers.

　　3. Pathogen infection

　　It is usually caused by childbirth, abortion, puerperal infection, surgical procedures, or mechanical stimulation, sexual injury to the cervix, invasion of pathogens, and infection leading to infection.

　　Therefore, gynecological experts remind: women with gynecological inflammation must actively check and treat to avoid causing other inflammation.

　　In addition to its clinical manifestations, it can also cause other diseases. The main complications of this disease include the following several types:

    1. Excessive bleeding and anemia
　　2. Secondary infection and tissue necrosis
　　3. Increase the risk of abortion or cause infertility

　　Endometrial polyps can grow at any location and angle of the uterine wall; they can be solitary or multiple; they can be as small as 0.2-0.3 centimeters or as large as 2-3 centimeters or more; their shape can be oval, triangular, or irregular, and most polyps have a pedicle. Endometrial polyps are a common gynecological benign lesion within the uterine cavity. Due to their lack of typical and constant symptoms, they are often difficult to diagnose clinically. If clinical symptoms such as excessive menstrual bleeding, prolonged menstrual periods, intermittent bleeding, infertility, etc. are encountered, especially if there are abnormalities in the uterine cavity on B-ultrasound or hysterosalpingography, or if polyps are found in the cervix or cervical canal during gynecological examination, consideration should be given to hysteroscopy to determine whether there are endometrial polyps.

　　1. Insist on exercising, enhance physical fitness, and improve immunity. At the same time, maintain an optimistic attitude and pay attention to adjusting personal心态.

　　2. Pay attention to personal hygiene and menstrual hygiene, keep the vulva clean, and wear loose, breathable cotton underwear.

　　3. Regularly take birth control pills.

　　4. Regularly go to the hospital for gynecological examination, especially when there is vulvar itching, increased secretion, and after surgery.

　　5. After discovering gynecological inflammation, treatment should be carried out actively, and surgery to remove the endometrial polyp should be performed as soon as possible after discovering it.

　　1. Gynecological examination

　　Acute inflammation can cause cervical congestion and edema, or erosion, with purulent secretion discharged from the cervical canal, and pain may be felt when the cervix is touched. If it is cervical erosion or polyp, there may be contact bleeding.

　　2. Microscopic examination

　　Endometrial polyps are composed of endometrial tissue, with the surface covered by a layer of cuboidal epithelium or low columnar epithelium. The central part of the polyp forms a fibrous longitudinal axis, which contains blood vessels.

　　3. Cervical scraping

　　Indicates Bashi II level.

　　4. Cervical biopsy

　　Patients with severe illness can undergo cervical biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. The pathological diagnostic criteria for the malignant transformation of polyps are: ① It is necessary to see the entire morphological appearance of the polyp; ② Malignant transformation is limited to the polyp itself; ③ The endometrium around the polyp is free of cancer. Attention should be paid to differentiate it from endometrial adenocarcinoma with polypoid growth.

　　5. Hysteroscopy

　　Hospitals more often use hysteroscopy for diagnosis. Hysteroscopy can directly observe the uterine cavity, which is clear and intuitive. After excluding malignant lesions such as endometrial cancer in the uterine cavity, single, small endometrial polyps can be directly removed under the direct vision of hysteroscopy.

　　1. Avoid vegetables with cool properties, such as rapeseed, shepherd's purse, amaranthus, kelp, cucumber, luffa, winter melon, eggplant, chive white, bamboo shoots, lotus root, etc., which are cool in nature. It is better to eat less before and after menstruation, and absolutely not raw. Foods that are too fatty should be avoided.

　　2. Avoid eating sour and astringent foods, which can lead to blood stasis and should be avoided. Spicy and warm herbs are beneficial for circulation.

　　3. Avoid eating fatty and greasy foods, which are difficult to digest. It is better to eat more light foods.

　　1. Laser Treatment

　　(1) The same as laser treatment for cervical erosion.

　　(2) Equipment preparation: Nd:YAG laser preparation is the same as that for the treatment of cervical erosion, using power of 40-60W.

　　2. Surgical Treatment

　　Dilate the cervix, remove the polyps, and then scrape the entire uterine cavity. This can remove disseminated small polyps and send them for pathological examination. Regular follow-up should be conducted after surgery, paying attention to recurrence and malignancy, and timely treatment should be given. In recent years, some people have successfully used hysteroscopy to remove small polyps or laser treatment.

　　For patients over 40 years old with obvious bleeding symptoms, if the above treatment cannot be eradicated or frequently recurs, consider total hysterectomy.

　　Surgical Treatment: Surgical resection is the main method.

　　3. Precautions

　　(1) If accompanied by inflammation, infection control should be the first priority;

　　(2) If bleeding occurs, focus on hemostasis;

　　(3) After controlling the inflammation, perform surgery. Although polyps are rare in cancer, the cancer rate is also between 0.2% and 0.4%.

　　(4) Those with polyps before and after menopause should have the polyps sent for pathological examination after surgical removal. If there are signs of malignancy, treatment measures should be taken as soon as possible.

　　(5) This disease is prone to recurrence. After surgery, regular re-examination should be carried out every three months.