Pediatric renal diabetes

　　Pediatric renal diabetes is divided into primary renal diabetes and secondary renal diabetes. Primary renal diabetes is also known as familial renal diabetes, which is mostly an autosomal recessive genetic disease, but can also be dominant inheritance, and is relatively rare in clinical practice; secondary renal diabetes is less common, and can be secondary to chronic interstitial nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, multiple myeloma, or other kidney diseases, such as kidney toxic substance damage, etc.

　　In addition to its clinical manifestations, childhood renal diabetes can also be complicated with diseases such as dehydration and malnutrition, hypoglycemia, etc. For other secondary renal glucose diabetes, different complications may occur depending on the primary disease.

　　Primary renal diabetes has no specific symptoms and is often found incidentally during urine tests. The fasting blood glucose of the children is normal, and the glucose tolerance test is also normal. There is generally no significant effect on growth and development in children with the disease. The main manifestations of secondary renal glucose diabetes are the manifestations of the primary disease.

　　In addition to controlling the diet of the children, it is not advisable to consume animal fats and should use edible vegetable oils. For those with intestinal glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome, changing to fructose feed can effectively prevent this syndrome.

　　The main methods of examination for this disease are as follows:

　　1. Urine test

　　The excretion of urine glucose can significantly increase.

　　2. Blood sugar

　　Fasting blood glucose is normal, and the glucose tolerance test is also normal.

　　3. Fecal examination

　　In newborns with intestinal glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome, a large amount of galactose can be detected in the feces. Changing to fructose feed can cure the disease.

　　The following points should be noted in terms of diet:

　　1. Limit salt intake. The daily intake of edible salt should not exceed 6 grams.

　　2. Limit fluid intake in severe kidney failure.

　　3. Limit the intake of potassium and protein. Potassium-containing beverages and potassium-containing fruits should be restricted. Protein should be controlled at 0.6-0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. Plant protein is not easily absorbed, so easily digestible fish and lean meat should be chosen.

　　4. Consume adequate vitamins and trace elements. Vitamin B, vitamin C, and zinc, calcium, iron, etc., can have a protective effect on the kidneys.

　　5. It is not advisable to consume animal fats and should use edible vegetable oils.

　　6. Spicy foods such as mustard and chili can worsen kidney conditions and should be avoided.

　　Primary renal diabetes does not require special treatment. Secondary renal diabetes mainly treats the primary disease actively and prevents kidney toxic substances from causing damage. It is currently believed that this disease does not require special treatment, and sugar replacement therapy should be given to patients who may develop hypoglycemia and ketosis.