Pelvic effusion

　　1. Not paying attention to hygiene during the menstrual period:When women are menstruating, the endometrium will have a shedding phenomenon, and the blood sinus in the uterine cavity will be in an open state, and there will be clots and other substances. At this time, it is very suitable for the growth of bacteria. Therefore, if female friends do not pay attention to their personal hygiene during menstruation, or do not use standard sanitary napkins, toilet paper, etc., or have sexual intercourse during menstruation, it will provide a good opportunity for the growth and infection of bacteria, thereby causing pelvic inflammatory disease in women.

　　2. Spread of inflammation from adjacent organs:Some female friends may suffer from appendicitis or peritoneal inflammation, and since the female reproductive organs are nearby, the inflammation not treated in time can easily lead to spread, eventually causing pelvic inflammatory disease in women. Some female friends may have chronic cervical inflammation, and the inflammation can spread through the lymphatic system into the blood circulation, eventually causing the connective tissue in the female pelvic area to become inflamed.

　　3. Postpartum and post-abortion infection:After childbirth and artificial abortion, due to the body being severely damaged, the body is very weak, and the body's resistance and immune ability are also low. At this time, the cervix is also in an expanded state. If personal hygiene is not paid attention to at this time, all bacteria in the vagina and cervix may continue to ascend and cause pelvic infection in women.

　　4. Gynecological surgery infection:Ladies, during some artificial surgeries, ring placement surgery, fallopian tube造影, and other surgeries, if the disinfection process during the operation is not strict, it is easy to cause female infection after surgery. Moreover, if women do not pay attention to personal hygiene after surgery, do not follow the doctor's instructions for recovery treatment, and have sexual intercourse too early after treatment, etc., it will cause continuous bacterial growth and lead to infection of the female pelvic area, causing pelvic inflammatory disease in women. Therefore, ladies should pay special attention to personal hygiene during surgery to avoid infection.

　　1. If pelvic effusion is not treated appropriately, its harmfulness is significant, it can easily lead to pelvic adhesions, fallopian tube obstruction, and cause infertility. If there are symptoms such as lower abdominal pain, lumbar sacral soreness, increased leukorrhea, and palpable tenderness in the lower abdomen during gynecological examination, or string-like thickening, consider chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, and actively treat to prevent inflammation from worsening and the increase of effusion volume.

　　2. Most pelvic effusions are caused by inflammation, that is, due to the exudation of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. There are also a few cases caused by ectopic pregnancy rupture, corpus luteum rupture, pelvic abscess, chocolate cyst, or ovarian cancer. The effusion caused by pelvic inflammation is best to undergo retroperitoneal puncture examination to determine the nature of the fluid.

　　3. If there is a chronic infection focus, it may be inflammation of the female reproductive system such as ovaries and fallopian tubes, or it may be caused by tuberculosis or tumors. Pelvic inflammation should be treated early, as delayed treatment may affect fertility.

　　Pelvic effusion caused by acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and adnexitis often accompanied by lower abdominal pain (both sides or one side), lumbar sacral pain, lower back soreness, lower abdominal distension,坠痛, lumbar pain, or due to prolonged standing, overwork, sexual intercourse, or exacerbation before menstruation, severe cases may affect work. Or there may be lower abdominal pain, increased leukorrhea, menstrual irregularity, heavy menstrual flow, dysmenorrhea, or decreased sexual pleasure; patients feel very uncomfortable, they should seek immediate and active treatment until the effusion is absorbed and dispersed. Once pelvic effusion is found, it should be treated in a regular hospital.

　　1. Women should pay attention to hygiene during menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period to prevent infection.

　　2. Women should prevent the misuse of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Antibiotics, whether taken orally or by injection, will suppress the lactobacillus in the vagina, disturb the natural ecological balance of the vagina, change the microenvironment of the vagina, and allow pathogenic bacteria to reproduce, leading to local candidal vaginitis outbreaks, and further secretion of inflammatory fluid, causing pelvic effusion.

　　3. Prevention is important in sexual hygiene. In the infection of female internal genital inflammation, adnexitis, and pelvic inflammation, unclean sexual intercourse is an important pathogenic factor. Some sexual partners are so excited before sexual intercourse that they neglect local hygiene, do not wash, and rush into action. Inflammation can be localized to one area or several areas at the same time, causing several areas to have pelvic effusion simultaneously.

　　4. Women should properly rinse the vagina. Some women use medicated washes to clean the vagina frequently to maintain hygiene, which is easy to destroy the acidic and alkaline environment of the vagina and easily cause candidal vaginitis. The correct rinsing is to rinse with clean water.

　　5. Seek medical attention promptly. After the onset of reproductive system diseases, most people will have different symptoms. Acute inflammation may cause serious consequences such as diffuse peritonitis, sepsis, and infectious shock; chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. Sometimes there may be low fever, easy fatigue, and some patients may have symptoms of neurasthenia due to a long course of disease, such as insomnia, lack of vitality, and discomfort all over the body. The lower abdomen may be distended and painful, and the lumbar sacral area may be painful, which often worsens after fatigue, sexual intercourse, or before and after menstruation. Due to chronic inflammation, pelvic congestion, menorrhagia, and ovarian dysfunction may cause menstrual disorders, and tubal adhesion and obstruction may lead to infertility.

　　6. In case of an unintended pregnancy, be prepared for preoperative gynecological surgery. Pay attention to keep the perineum clean, avoid sexual intercourse for three days before surgery; pay attention to the cleanliness of the perineum and vagina after surgery, frequently wash the perineum with warm water, change the perineal pad and underwear in time, and prohibit sexual intercourse for 2-3 weeks.

　　7. Suffer from acute internal genital inflammation, adnexitis. Pelvic inflammation should be completely cured to prevent it from turning chronic. This may cause fluid accumulation and effusion.

　　8. Pay attention to gynecological examination.

　　9. Exercise, enhance physical fitness, increase nutrition, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, and improve the body's resistance.

　　1. The location of pelvic effusion often occurs in lower parts of the pelvis such as the rectouterine pouch, and the effective examination method commonly used in gynecology is ultrasound, which can accurately judge the amount of effusion.

　　2. It is possible to clearly determine whether it is normal effusion or abnormal effusion by combining the medical history, symptoms, and physical signs. If it is confirmed as abnormal effusion, it is necessary to identify the cause of the effusion and remove the cause is the key.

　　3. Draining effusion is a method of Western medicine for examination or symptomatic treatment, and should not be done frequently. Because simply draining effusion will not cure pelvic effusion and may even cause the effusion to increase.

　　4. Patients with pelvic effusion caused by acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and adnexitis often have symptoms such as lower abdominal pain (bilateral or unilateral), lumbar sacral pain, lumbago, lower abdominal distension,坠痛, and lumbago.

　　1. When women have pelvic effusion, they should try to avoid greasy and cold foods such as fatty meat, crabs, snails, preserved products, and eat less of them. In addition, do not drink alcohol or smoke to avoid affecting the condition.

　　2. Patients with pelvic effusion should avoid spicy, warm, and strongly irritating foods such as chili, dog meat, roosters, lamb, etc.

　　3. Patients with pelvic effusion should avoid eating cold and raw foods, such as ice drinks, iced fruits, etc. In addition, the diet of patients with pelvic effusion should be light, and they should eat more nutritious foods such as eggs, tofu, spinach, etc.

　　1. General Treatment

　　Relieve the patient's psychological concerns, enhance their confidence in treatment, increase nutrition, exercise, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, and improve the body's resistance.

　　2. Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment

　　Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease is mostly of the damp-heat type, and the treatment principle is to clear heat and promote diuresis. The main treatment is to activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis, with the following herbal formula: Salvia miltiorrhiza 18g, Radix Paeoniae Rubra 15g, Mosla 12g, Semen Persicae 9g, Lonicera japonica 30g, Taraxacum mongolicum 30g, Poria 12g, Cortex Moutan 9g, Rehmannia 9g. Add Corydalis 9g for severe pain. Some patients are of the cold congealing and Qi-stagnation type, and the treatment principle is to warm the meridians and dispel cold, and promote Qi and blood circulation. For Qi-deficiency, add Codonopsis 15g, Atractylodes 9g, Astragalus 15g.

　　3. Physical Therapy

　　Warm and benign stimulation can promote local blood circulation in the pelvis. Improve the nutritional status of tissues, enhance metabolism, and facilitate the absorption and regression of inflammation. Common methods include paraffin therapy, etc.

　　4. Other Medication Treatment

　　When using anti-inflammatory drugs, α-chymotrypsin 5mg or hyaluronidase 1500U can also be used simultaneously, administered intramuscularly, once every other day, 5-10 times as a course of treatment, to facilitate the absorption of adhesions and inflammation. For individual patients who experience local or systemic allergic reactions, medication should be discontinued. In some cases, antibiotics and dexamethasone are used simultaneously, with oral dexamethasone 0.75mg taken three times a day, and attention should be paid to gradually reducing the dose when discontinuing medication.

　　5. Surgical Treatment

　　Surgical treatment can be performed for masses such as hydrosalpinx or ovarian cysts of the fallopian tube; for patients with small foci of infection that repeatedly cause inflammation, surgical treatment is also advisable. Surgery is based on complete cure, avoiding the possibility of recurrence of the lesions, and performing unilateral salpingectomy or total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy. The ovarian function should be preserved as much as possible for young women. The effect of a single therapy for chronic pelvic inflammatory disease is poor, and comprehensive treatment is recommended.