Malignant hypertension arteriolosclerosis

　　Malignant hypertension and small artery renal sclerosis are mainly caused by glomerulonephritis, chronic renal failure, renal artery stenosis, renal vasculitis, and rare endocrine diseases (pheochromocytoma, primary hyperaldosteronism).

　　Malignant hypertension and small artery renal sclerosis often lead to various complications caused by increased blood pressure, such as nervous system, cardiovascular system, and blood system complications, with the most serious being acute renal failure.

　　Symptoms come from the involvement of the brain, heart, and kidneys to varying degrees. Most symptoms are related to hypertensive encephalopathy caused by cerebral edema, including headache with an insidious onset, restlessness, confusion, blurred vision, nausea, and vomiting. If there are symptoms of neuropathy such as epilepsy and coma, it may be due to intracranial or subarachnoid hemorrhage and lacunar infarction.
　　During physical examination, there are nerve retinopathy (hemorrhage, exudation, and papilledema), enlargement of the heart, and evidence of ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema are common, but angina and myocardial infarction are not frequent.
　　Patients have varying degrees of renal insufficiency. Urinalysis includes proteinuria (occasionally within the scope of nephropathy) and microscopic hematuria, and red cell casts are rarely found in addition to kidney syndromes associated with proliferative glomerulonephritis. Hematological abnormalities (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation) are common.

　　Preventive measures for malignant hypertension and small artery renal sclerosis:
　　1. Exercise Enhance physical exercise to increase the body's resistance. Pay attention to the combination of work and rest, and it is recommended to walk every day without feeling tired. You can also practice Qigong, Tai Chi, and fitness exercises to enhance physical fitness and improve the body's resistance. Pay attention to preventing colds and preventing the aggravation of the disease due to respiratory tract infections and other triggers.
　　2. Maintain smooth urination Smooth urination indicates normal renal excretion function. If there is urethral obstruction and urination is not smooth, it will increase the chance of inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma, increase the burden on the kidneys, and even lead to uremia. Common causes of poor urination include urinary tract stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia, tumors, tuberculosis, and so on.
　　3. Pay attention to diet Protecting the kidneys requires the intake of protein and carbohydrates, and it is not advisable to consume high-fat foods. Excessive fat in the diet can lead to atherosclerosis of the renal arteries, causing the kidneys to atrophy and change, and leading to atherosclerotic kidney disease. Alkaline foods are beneficial to the kidneys and can prevent urinary tract stones. It is also appropriate to eat some winter melon, white mugwort root, red bean, mung bean, etc., as these can be beneficial to kidney protection.
　　4. Leisure and Entertainment Try to participate in social activities as little as possible. Once a patient is diagnosed with kidney disease, in the early stage, rest should be the main focus, active treatment should be carried out, and the changes in the condition should be observed.
　　5. Fertility and Sexual Life For the sexual life of kidney disease patients, it should be determined according to the specific situation. In principle, it is not recommended to prohibit it. Appropriate resumption of sexual life can help reverse the incomplete nervous system and depression of the patient's mood, especially for kidney disease patients, as the course of the disease is long, appropriate sexual life is helpful for the treatment of the disease.

　　The main examination methods for malignant hypertension and arteriolosclerosis are:
　　1. Urine Test Including proteinuria (sometimes within the scope of kidney disease) and microscopic hematuria.
　　2. Physical Examination Ophthalmic examination may show nerve retinopathy.
　　3. Blood Test Abnormal blood is common.
　　4. Cardiac Ultrasound Show an enlargement of the heart with ventricular hypertrophy.

　　The dietary注意事项 for malignant hypertension and arteriolosclerosis include:

　　Appropriate Diet
　　Pay attention to eating light and easy-to-digest foods. Alkaline foods are beneficial to the kidneys and can prevent urinary tract stones. It is appropriate to eat some winter melon, white grass root, red bean, mung bean, etc., which have diuretic and heat-clearing effects and are beneficial to kidney protection.

　　Prohibited Diet
　　Avoid overeating and overdrinking. It is not advisable to consume high-fat diets. Excessive fat in the diet can easily lead to arteriosclerosis of the renal arteries, causing atrophy and变性 of the kidneys, and causing arteriosclerotic kidney disease.

　　A portion of patients with malignant hypertension and arteriolosclerosis may spontaneously remit. Actively lowering blood pressure and treating renal failure can significantly reduce mortality and incidence. Progressive renal insufficiency patients can maintain dialysis, occasionally improve renal function, and stop dialysis. It is not common to actively lower blood pressure in cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage and lacunar infarction.