Colorectal carcinoid tumors

　　The etiology is unknown. There are reports that the incidence of colorectal carcinoid tumors increases after the removal of colonic polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, and after cholecystectomy. Another study suggests that it is related to genetic factors.

　　The main substances that produce carcinoid syndrome are serotonin and bradykinin, and histamine also participates in part of the action. The histogenesis of intestinal carcinoid tumors is generally believed to originate from Kulchitsky cells of the endoderm. According to the classification method of Williams and Sandler, colonic carcinoid tumors belong to a subgroup derived from the posterior intestine. With the increasing number of reported cases of colonic carcinoid tumors year by year, their occurrence site seems to have exceeded the distribution of endodermal epithelium, and in addition, the presence of neuroendocrine granules in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, as well as the ability of some tumor cells to produce functional serotonin, recent data more strongly support that colonic carcinoid tumors originate from the neuroendoderm, and belong to neuroendocrine tumors.

　　Colorectal carcinoid tumors are malignant tumors with slow growth, low malignancy, and a long course. Generally, the prognosis is good, and patients can survive with tumors for a long time. The complications of colorectal carcinoid tumors depend on their primary site, depth of invasion, tumor size, and other factors. Generally, they mainly occur as metastases, with lymph node metastasis being the most common; carcinoid tumors involving the heart can lead to heart failure, shock, loss of fluids and electrolytes, and severe malnutrition, ultimately threatening life.

　　Colorectal cancer is a rare low-grade malignant tumor. 10% of carcinoid patients have carcinoid syndrome, with clinical manifestations such as sweating, facial redness, diarrhea, asthma, congestive heart failure, abdominal pain, and other symptoms.

　　1. Appendiceal carcinoid

　　Preoperative diagnosis of appendiceal carcinoid is difficult. Most patients are occasionally confirmed during appendicitis surgery, but there are also a few carcinoids that invade the root of the appendix and the mucosa of the cecum. Colonoscopy can reveal changes around the appendiceal orifice or a single small raised change, and deep biopsy tissue can obtain pathological diagnosis.

　　2. Rectal carcinoid

　　Digital rectal examination can palpate submucosal tumors, which are hard, with clear margins and smooth surface. Colonoscopy can reveal wide-based raised tumors in the rectum, which are hard, smooth, and similar to hyperplastic polyps. Diagnosis depends on pathological tissue examination, so the diagnostic rate is directly related to the biopsy sampling technique. For smaller tumors, deep sampling should be done as much as possible, and electrocoagulation resection can be performed for total tumor biopsy if necessary.

　　3. Colon carcinoid

　　Under the endoscope, the carcinoid appears as a micro-yellow or grayish color,呈半球形隆起无蒂息肉状，with a smooth surface, and often a malformed depression in the central part. If the carcinoid is large, there may be an ulcer on the surface, at this time it is difficult to distinguish from colorectal cancer.

　　The intestines are the necessary passage for food, so colorectal cancer is also considered a disease closely related to lifestyle, among which dietary factors play an important role. Eating too much red meat, eating too few vegetables, and having a reversed sleep schedule are important causes. Whether the schedule is normal is also a major life factor closely related to the chance of cancer. Other bad habits such as sitting for a long time without moving, lack of exercise; smoking and drinking excessively, eating too many preserved foods, etc., are carcinogenic factors. Paying attention to dietary nutrition balance, eating more vegetables and fruits, and keeping the bowels regular are important guarantees for reducing the risk of colorectal cancer. Eat a variety of fresh vegetables and fruits every day, and on the cancer prevention list, the effect of vegetables is greater than that of fruits, as they contain more dietary fiber to help defecate. Exercise more and change the habit of sitting for a long time, and keep a regular schedule.

　　In the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, in addition to relying on its clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations are also needed. The main inspection methods include the following several kinds:

    1. Biopsy tissue can obtain pathological diagnosis.

　　2. Colonoscopy can reveal wide-based raised tumors in the rectum, which are hard, smooth, and similar to hyperplastic polyps.

　　1. Mung bean and kelp porridge

　　Take 100 grams of mung beans, 60 grams of kelp, 120 grams of rice, 3 grams of dried tangerine peel, and an appropriate amount of sugar. Soak the kelp until it is thoroughly permeated, wash it clean, and cut it into strips. Wash the mung beans, rice, and dried tangerine peel separately. Put all the ingredients into a pot of boiling water, bring to a boil over high heat, then reduce the heat to a low simmer and cook into porridge. Add sugar and bring to a boil again. Eat in divided doses in the morning and evening. It has the effects of clearing heat and eliminating summer heat, softening hardness and resolving phlegm, and lowering blood fat and blood pressure. It is suitable for colorectal cancer.

　　2. Water Caltrop Porridge

　　Take 150 grams of fresh water caltrop and 150 grams of rice. Wash and peel the water caltrop, slice it, and put it in the pot with the cleaned and washed rice, add clear water, and boil it into porridge. Eat it for breakfast while it is warm. It has the effects of digestion and stomach health, clearing heat and quenching thirst, and preventing cancer, and is suitable for colorectal cancer.

　　Tumors have benign and malignant types, and malignant tumors are also called cancer. The following food therapy drugs and herbal medicine formulas have certain anticancer effects, and can be selected for consumption according to the specific condition of the patient.

　　1. Boiled Mushroom Head

　　60 grams of fresh mushroom, 60 grams of fresh mushroom head, sliced; heat the cooking oil, add a little salt, put both into the pan, stir-fry, then add water and boil. This recipe is mainly used for digestive tract tumors.

　　2. Mushroom Head and White Snake Tongue Grass Decoction

　　60 grams of mushroom head, 60 grams of white snake tongue grass, 60 grams of actinidia root, boil the decoction with water and take it. It is used for gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, cardia cancer, and liver cancer, etc.

　　3. Coix Seed, Water Chestnut, and Semi-vernal Grass Decoction

　　30 grams of coix seed, 30 grams of water chestnuts, 30 grams of semi-vernal grass, boil the decoction with water, take 2 times a day, and take it for a long time. It can be used for gastric cancer, cervical cancer, and other diseases.

　　4. Coix Seed Porridge

　　20 grams of raw coix seed, 30 grams of glutinous rice or japonica rice, half a spoon of sugar. Put the coix seed and rice together in a small steel pot, add about 1000 milliliters of cold water, and boil over medium heat for about half an hour, then turn off the heat. Take once a day, as breakfast or dessert. Regularly eating this porridge is very ideal for preventing gastric ulcer from turning into cancer; for those who have developed gastrointestinal cancer and have undergone surgery, eating it can also reduce the chance of recurrence.

　　5. Bamboo Leaf Tea

　　15 grams of dried bamboo leaves, soak in half a cup of boiling water, cover the lid, and drink after 5 minutes. Bamboo leaves contain polysaccharide substances, therefore, they have a wide range of anticancer and detoxifying effects.

　　6. Purple草根Mung Bean Soup

　　15 grams of purple草根, 30 grams of mung beans, 1 spoon of sugar. First decoct the purple草根, then use the purple草根head juice to decoct the mung beans, and simmer over low heat for about 3 minutes until the mung beans have not yet bloomed, then turn off the heat, filter out the soup, leave the mung beans, and leave a little residue. Then pour the second juice of purple草根 into the pot with mung beans, and cook the mung beans until they are soft, adding water if necessary. When about 500 milliliters of juice is left, turn off the heat.