Acute pelvic inflammatory disease

　　1, Poor menstrual hygiene: Using unclean menstrual pads, sexual intercourse during menstruation, etc., can lead to the invasion of pathogens and cause inflammation. The pathogens of the above infections are mainly the endogenous bacterial flora of the lower reproductive tract, such as staphylococcus, streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and anaerobic bacteria.

　　2, Direct extension of inflammation from nearby organs: For example, appendicitis, peritonitis, etc., mainly caused by Escherichia coli.

　　3, Intrauterine device: Intrauterine devices can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, including: 1) Within 10 days after the placement of an intrauterine device, it can cause acute pelvic inflammatory disease, with infections mainly caused by staphylococcus, streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and anaerobic bacteria; 2) After long-term placement of an intrauterine device, secondary infection can lead to chronic inflammation, which may sometimes have an acute onset.

　　4, Reproductive tract infection: Mainly sexually transmitted diseases of the lower reproductive tract, such as gonococcal cervicitis, chlamydial cervicitis, and bacterial vaginosis are closely related to PID.

　　5, Sexually transmitted diseases: Unhygienic sexual history, early sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, and frequent sexual intercourse can lead to the invasion of pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases, which can cause pelvic inflammatory disease. Common pathogens include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or a combination of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial infections.

　　6, Infection: Infection after intracavitary surgical procedures.

　　7. Acute onset: acute onset of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.

　　1. Hydrosalpinx-ovary cyst

　　When salpingitis affects the ovary, the fallopian tube and ovary may form inflammatory masses, or the ostium of the fallopian tube may adhere to the ovary and become patent, with fluid exuding to form a hydrosalpinx-ovary cyst.

　　2. Hydrosalpinx

　　Chronic salpingitis is more common on both sides, with the fallopian tube slightly or moderately enlarged, and the ostium may be partially or completely occluded, and adhesions may occur with surrounding tissues. If the ostium and isthmus of the fallopian tube are occluded due to inflammation, serous exudate accumulates to form hydrosalpinx; sometimes, as the pus in the hydrosalpinx is gradually absorbed, serous fluid continues to exude from the tubal wall, filling the lumen, and may also form a hydrosalpinx.

　　3. Recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease

　　25% of acute pelvic inflammatory disease may recur later, and the repeated infection in young patients is twice as high as that in the general age group. Due to the damage to the fallopian tube during the previous infection, the sensitivity to bacterial invasion increases.

　　4. Chronic abdominal pain

　　After pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic abdominal pain may occur in up to 18%. The pain is often periodic and mainly related to adhesions of the fallopian tube, ovary, and surrounding tissues.

　　5. Infertility

　　Gynecological experts say that pelvic inflammatory disease is an important cause of fallopian tube obstruction and infertility. The chance of infertility is related to the frequency and severity of PID episodes. The infertility rate after pelvic inflammatory disease is 20%-30%.

　　6. Ectopic pregnancy

　　1. Onset of lower abdominal pain, accompanied by fever and chills.

　　2. If there is peritonitis, there may be nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, and diarrhea.

　　3. If abscesses form, there may be lower abdominal masses and local compression and stimulation symptoms, such as bladder and rectal irritation symptoms.

　　4. The patient presents with an acute illness appearance, high body temperature, rapid heart rate, abdominal distension, lower abdominal muscle tension, tenderness, and rebound pain.

　　5. Pelvic examination: vaginal congestion, burning sensation, large amounts of purulent discharge; posterior fornix tenderness, cervical elevation pain; uterus slightly enlarged and soft, tender, and limited in movement; adnexal thickening, tenderness, and mass.

　　Female friends should pay attention to personal hygiene, eliminate various infection pathways, keep the perineum clean and dry, wash the vulva with clean water every night, and do so with a separate basin. It is forbidden to use hands to scoop the vagina, and it is also forbidden to use hot water, soap, and other substances to wash the vulva.

　　How to prevent acute pelvic inflammatory disease? During the menstrual period, after induced abortion, and after the insertion or removal of the intrauterine device, women may experience vaginal bleeding. It is essential to abstain from sexual activity, swimming, bathtub bathing, and sauna bathing. Change sanitary napkins frequently, as the body's resistance is low at this time, and pathogenic bacteria are more likely to enter and cause infection.

　　When fever patients are reducing their fever, they usually sweat a lot. Pay attention to keeping warm, keeping the body dry, and changing clothes and pants after sweating. Avoid blowing air conditioning or direct cross ventilation.

　　How to prevent acute pelvic inflammatory disease? Pay attention to the amount, quality, color, and smell of leukorrhea. If there is a lot of leukorrhea, yellowish in color, thick in quality, and an unpleasant smell, it indicates a severe condition. If the leukorrhea changes from yellow to white (or light yellow), the amount decreases from more to less, and the smell tends to be normal (slightly acidic), it indicates that the condition has improved.

　　42. The total white blood cell count and the number of neutrophils are increased, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate may increase. For those with body temperature above 39℃, perform blood culture and drug sensitivity test.

　　41. Culture and drug sensitivity test of cervical canal secretions. Pay special attention to gonococcal infection.

　　40. If a pelvic abscess is suspected, perform a posterior fornix puncture and see pus to confirm the diagnosis.

　　39. Ultrasound diagnosis

　　Dietary Health Care for Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

　　Food Therapy

　　1. Horse carriage patrinia drink

　　Ingredients: portulaca oleracea (fresh) 60 grams, plantain grass (fresh) 30 grams, patrinia (fresh) 30 grams.

　　Preparation: Wash the three herbs portulaca oleracea, plantain grass, and patrinia, add water to a pot, decoct for 30 minutes, remove the residue and take the juice, add brown sugar, and take it warm in several doses.

　　Functions: Clear heat and detoxify, eliminate dampness and firm the belt. This diet uses portulaca oleracea to clear heat and detoxify, promote defecation; plantain grass, promote diuresis and clear heat, defecate the accumulation of the small intestine; patrinia, activate blood and clear heat, drain pus and detoxify. Overall, this diet has the functions of clearing heat and promoting diuresis, activating blood and promoting collaterals, and can inhibit inflammation and bacteria.

　　2. Lotus Root and Pork Ribs Soup

　　Ingredients: lotus seeds 40 grams, euryale seed 30 grams, wolfberry 20 grams, Chinese yam 25 grams, pork ribs 200 grams.

　　Preparation: Cut the pork ribs into pieces, blanch in boiling water, wash off the foam, and place them with lotus seeds (without core), euryale seed (without impurities), Chinese yam, and wolfberry in a pot, add water, cooking wine, salt, pepper, ginger, scallion, etc., and simmer over medium heat for 1 hour. Add a small amount of monosodium glutamate to mix and it is ready to eat. Drink the soup, eat the pork ribs, lotus seeds, yam, etc.

　　Functions: Renal supplementation and essence nourishment, clearing the heart and firming the belt. This diet uses wolfberry to nourish the liver, kidney, and essence; lotus seeds and euryale seed, clearing the heart and stomach, firming the lower jiao, to stop leukorrhea;山药，invigorating the spleen and building the earth, to fill the Kun Palace; pork ribs, which can strengthen the tendons and bones and benefit the kidneys. It is beneficial for the recovery of pelvic inflammatory disease patients with insufficient liver and kidney, and downward invasion of dampness and heat.

　　24. For mild acute pelvic inflammatory disease, the main treatment is intravenous infusion of penicillin, amikacin or metronidazole.

　　23. For severe acute pelvic inflammatory disease, it is advisable to use two or more antibacterial agents together.

　　22. If the formation of abscess is not ideal with drug treatment, incise and drain the abscess, take the pus for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test, and select strong and effective antibiotics.