Incarcerated inguinal hernia

　　Incisional inguinal hernia often occurs due to a sudden increase in intraperitoneal pressure, such as intense labor, severe coughing, defecation, crying of children, etc., and the local abdominal wall is weak. Incisional inguinal hernia appears as a painful mass in the inguinal and scrotal areas or the original hernia mass suddenly increases in size and becomes hard, and cannot be returned to the abdominal cavity.

　　Strangulation of abdominal organs is the main complication of incisional hernia. If not treated promptly, it can develop into intestinal obstruction, intestinal necrosis, intestinal rupture, acute diffuse peritonitis, and toxic shock, which can lead to the death of the patient.

　　1. Intestinal strangulation:Under normal circumstances, the contents of the hernia (usually the intestine) can enter the hernia sac under the action of abdominal cavity pressure and can be returned to the abdominal cavity by itself (or with external force). When various causes (such as friction, adhesion, etc.) cause the contents of the reducible hernia to suddenly cannot be returned, and the local mass increases, it indicates that intestinal strangulation has occurred. At this time, it is called a strangulated hernia. After intestinal strangulation, the main clinical manifestations are those of intestinal obstruction.

　　2. Intestinal strangulation:If incisional hernia persists and is not treated or treated promptly, the contents of the hernia (mainly the intestine) may experience circulatory disorders, develop intestinal obstruction, intestinal necrosis, and even intestinal perforation, leading to serious consequences. In such cases, strangulated hernia may occur as a complication.

　　When incisional inguinal hernia appears as a painful mass in the inguinal and scrotal areas or the original hernia mass suddenly increases in size and becomes hard, it cannot be returned to the abdominal cavity; when the contents of the hernia are the intestine, abdominal colic, nausea, vomiting, and hematochezia may occur; if not treated promptly, it may lead to the cessation of defecation and flatulence, and the abdominal distension becomes worse.

　　Incisional inguinal hernia refers to the situation where abdominal organs enter the hernia sac and cannot be复位自行复位 due to the narrow external ring, and remain in the hernia sac, resulting in circulatory disorders. This is a common complication of inguinal hernia. If not treated promptly and appropriately, it often leads to strangulated intestinal obstruction, intestinal necrosis, and severe consequences. So, how to prevent incisional inguinal hernia? The following experts introduce the preventive measures for incisional inguinal hernia:

　　Firstly, early diagnosis and early treatment.

　　Secondly, change bad living habits and cultivate a healthy lifestyle.

　　1. Quit smoking: Smoking not only can cause chronic cough and increase intraperitoneal pressure, but also can inhibit the synthesis of collagen fibers and promote the degenerative changes of abdominal muscles, which is one of the important factors that induce inguinal hernia in the elderly. Therefore, the elderly are best not to smoke or reduce the amount of smoking.

　　2. Maintain smooth defecation: Constipation is one of the important causes of increased abdominal pressure, therefore, maintaining smooth defecation is an effective method to prevent inguinal hernia. The elderly should eat more vegetables and fruits, drink water in a quantitative manner, and develop the habit of defecating at regular times.

　　Three, actively prevent and treat diseases that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, benign prostatic hyperplasia, etc.

　　Incisional inguinal hernia, also known as 'clamping hernia', refers to the condition where abdominal organs enter the hernia sac and cannot be复位自行复位 due to the narrow external ring, resulting in circulatory disorders. Then, what examinations are needed for patients with incisional inguinal hernia? The following experts introduce the examinations that need to be done for incisional inguinal hernia:

　　1. Ultrasound examination

　　Color Doppler can detect the bilateral subcutaneous abdominal wall arteries in patients with inguinal hernia and distinguish between direct hernia and indirect hernia according to whether the neck of the hernia sac and the hernia sac are located on the inside or outside of the subcutaneous abdominal wall artery. It can also observe the blood supply of the hernia contents, blood flow velocity, to understand whether there is strangulation and necrosis.

　　2. Standing X-ray film

　　In incarcerated inguinal hernia, there are signs of intestinal distension, stepped gas-liquid levels, and intestinal obstruction, which are helpful to clarify the diagnosis.

　　3. Rectal examination

　　During incarceration, the finger can touch the intestine that enters the inguinal canal from the abdominal cavity through the internal ring. When examining, it must be compared with the healthy side, and rectal examination should be combined with abdominal palpation, which is of great value in distinguishing infantile incarcerated hernia from other diseases.

　　Patients with incisional inguinal hernia should keep their bowels regular. Constipation is one of the important causes of increased abdominal pressure. Therefore, keeping the bowels regular is an effective method to prevent inguinal hernia. Patients should eat more vegetables and fruits, drink water in a quantitative manner, and develop the habit of regular defecation.

　　Patients with incisional inguinal hernia should quit smoking. Smoking not only can cause chronic cough, increase intra-abdominal pressure, but also can inhibit the synthesis of collagen fibers and promote the degenerative change of abdominal muscles, which is one of the important factors causing the disease. Therefore, patients are best not to smoke or reduce the amount of smoking.

　　Incisional inguinal hernia refers to the condition where abdominal organs enter the hernia sac and cannot be复位自行复位 and remain in the hernia sac due to the narrow external ring, resulting in circulatory disorders. If not treated in time, it can cause strangulated intestinal obstruction, intestinal necrosis, and serious consequences. Generally, once an incisional inguinal hernia is diagnosed, emergency surgery should be performed to relieve the incision and prevent intestinal necrosis.