Pancreatic body cancer

　　1. Genetic factors:According to statistics, if one person in a family has pancreatic cancer, the chance of others in the family developing pancreatic cancer is 4 times higher than that of the general population. If two people in the family have pancreatic cancer, the chance of others in the family developing pancreatic cancer is 12 times higher than that of the general population. The process of gene-induced pancreatic cancer is very complex, and the exact mechanism is not yet clear. It is caused by the abnormal expression of various genes related to tumors.

　　2. Heavy smoking:Nicotine in cigarettes can affect the secretion of the pancreas, leading to the occurrence of cancerous changes in the pancreatic ductal epithelium. Smoking can promote the entry of carcinogenic substances such as specific N-nitrosamines into the bile duct, and then reflux into the pancreatic duct, thereby causing the cancerous transformation of the pancreas. The smoke produced by cigarette combustion has the effect of activating the body's metabolism, which can lead to the transformation of pancreatic cancer.

　　3. Poor dietary habits:According to investigations, people who like to eat high-fat, high-calorie, high-salt, and smoked, fried, and pickled foods are not only prone to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, but are also highly susceptible to pancreatic cancer. Additionally, those who frequently drink coffee have a 4 times higher chance of developing pancreatic cancer than those who do not drink coffee.

　　Can be complicated with symptoms such as biliary tract obstruction, duodenal obstruction, etc. Obstruction of the splenic vein by the tumor can cause splenomegaly and localized portal hypertension, leading to gastric bleeding or esophageal varices:

　　Complications that pancreatic body cancer can easily cause

　　1. Weight loss The weight loss caused by pancreatic cancer is the most prominent, with a significant loss of weight appearing in the short term after onset, with weight loss reaching more than 30 jin, accompanied by weakness and fatigue.

　　2. Symptomatic diabetes Some patients may initially present with symptoms of diabetes. Therefore, if diabetic patients have persistent abdominal pain, or elderly people suddenly develop diabetes, or if the condition of existing diabetes suddenly worsens recently, they should be vigilant about the possibility of developing pancreatic cancer.

　　Some patients with pancreatic cancer may show mental symptoms such as anxiety, impatience, depression, and personality changes.

　　1. Abdominal pain:Pancreatic body cancer can cause symptoms of abdominal pain, located in the upper abdomen, umbilical area, or upper right abdomen, with the nature of colic, paroxysmal or persistent, progressive, dull pain, mostly radiating to the lumbar and sacral region, and worsening when lying down or at night. The pain can be relieved when sitting, standing, leaning forward, or walking.

　　2. Jaundice:Jaundice is one of the common symptoms of pancreatic tail cancer, which is mostly obstructive, progressive, and deepening, accompanied by skin itching, urine color like strong black tea, and feces color like clay. Most of it is due to compression of the common bile duct by pancreatic head cancer, and a few are due to the metastasis of pancreatic tail cancer to the liver or liver/biliary tract lymph nodes.

　　3. Weight loss:About 90% of patients with pancreatic tail cancer will experience symptoms of weight loss, which develop rapidly and can be accompanied by malnutrition in the late stage. The reasons for weight loss include the consumption of cancer, loss of appetite, anxiety, insomnia, and disorders of digestion and absorption.

　　4. Loss of appetite:Pancreatic tail cancer can lead to symptoms such as loss of appetite, accompanied by diarrhea and constipation, abdominal distension, nausea, and other gastrointestinal symptoms. A few patients may experience symptoms such as steatorrhea, hyperglycemia, and diabetes. In addition, due to the ulceration or infection of the tumor, fever symptoms may also occur due to secondary biliary tract infection.

　　1. Eat more fruit:A reasonable diet is an important guarantee for our physical health, and the occurrence of pancreatic cancer is closely related to people's improper diet. Therefore, in daily life, we must pay attention to eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, and also pay attention to maintaining the intake of coarse grains such as grains, beans, sweet potatoes, etc. Relevant experiments show that the prevention of pancreatic cancer should understand which dietary structures contain high fiber, fruits, and fresh vegetables, and the possibility of developing pancreatic cancer is smaller in such populations.

　　2. Quit smoking and drinking:Smoking and drinking are bad habits that many people have, and in order to effectively prevent pancreatic cancer, we must pay attention to quitting smoking, not drinking excessively, and if there are no diseases such as anemia, bleeding, stomach disease, inflammation, etc., we should advocate drinking tea, which can improve immune function and prevent cancer.

　　3. Treat diseases:According to clinical studies, some common diseases can also cause pancreatic cancer, such as chronic pancreatitis, cholecystitis, gallstones, diabetes, and so on. Therefore, when the above diseases occur, it is necessary to actively prevent and treat diseases.

　　For the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, preoperative preparation should correct the patient's anemia, hypoproteinemia, and other malnutrition manifestations. If diabetes is present, treatment should be given. Because there is a possibility of combined colonic resection, routine intestinal preparation should be performed before surgery. Perform gastrointestinal barium enema before surgery to understand whether the duodenum and colon are involved; perform CT or MRI examinations to clarify whether the tumor involves the head of the pancreas, superior mesenteric vessels, and portal vein. Angiography should be performed if necessary.

　　Diet should pay attention to eating more light and nutritious foods, and pay attention to dietary balance. Avoid spicy and stimulating foods. Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. Eat more foods that enhance immunity to improve the body's ability to resist diseases.

　　1. Surgical Treatment:Surgical resection is the main method of treating pancreatic tail cancer. Early-stage pancreatic tail cancer patients have the possibility of cure through surgical resection. However, conventional surgical treatment has a large physical trauma, with a lot of bleeding during and after surgery, and a high incidence of postoperative complications.

　　2. Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy:Radiotherapy and chemotherapy refer to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which are auxiliary treatment methods for pancreatic tail cancer. They can be used before and after surgery, or regional arterial perfusion interventional treatment, and have achieved varying degrees of therapeutic effects.

　　3. Endocrine Therapy:It is currently believed that there are estrogen receptors in both pancreatic cancer tissues and normal tissue cells, so there are increasing reports on endocrine hormone treatment methods for pancreatic cancer. The most commonly used drug is tamoxifen.

　　4. Gene Therapy:In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the gene therapy of pancreatic cancer. Currently, the target genes used can be divided into suicide genes, antisense genes, tumor suppressor genes, and immune genes.

　　5. Immunotherapy:Clinical trials have been conducted abroad for the treatment of pancreatic cancer with monoclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies + interferon, monoclonal antibodies + chemotherapy drugs + interferon, resulting in an improvement in the survival period of pancreatic cancer patients and an improvement in the quality of life. The main side effect is autoimmune reaction.