Acute gastritis

　　Acute gastritis has a short course and is a self-limiting disease, which can recover within a few days. However, severe cases may develop complications such as dehydration, acidosis, shock, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, it must be taken seriously.

　　Most acute onset, symptoms vary in severity, mainly表现为上腹饱胀、胃部隐痛、食欲减退、嗳气、恶心、呕吐，严重者呕吐物略带血性。By Salmonella or Staphylococcus aureus and their toxins, patients often become ill within a few hours or 24 hours after eating, and are often accompanied by diarrhea and fever. Severe cases may have dehydration, acidosis, or shock.

　　1. Strictly prevent diseases from entering through the mouth:Street stalls do not have health guarantees and are more likely to cause acute gastritis. Many cases of acute gastroenteritis are caused by food, so strictly controlling food hygiene is the key to preventing this disease. Improving dietary and drinking water hygiene is the fundamental measure to prevent acute gastritis. Food stored in the refrigerator should be kept separate from raw and cooked food, and should be re-cooked before eating. Wash hands before and after meals. Vegetables and fruits should be disinfected before eating. When going on vacation, choose clean and hygienic restaurants, and other effective preventive measures should be taken to prevent acute gastritis.

　　2. Avoid unclean food and drink:Gastritis patients should pay special attention to dietary hygiene, especially in summer. Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating, and do not eat spoiled food. Because contaminated and spoiled food contains a large number of bacteria and bacterial toxins, which have a direct destructive effect on the gastric mucosa. Food stored in the refrigerator must be cooked thoroughly before eating, and if spoilage is found, it should be discarded resolutely and not consumed. Wash hands before and after meals. Vegetables and fruits should be disinfected before eating. When going on vacation, choose clean and hygienic restaurants, and other effective preventive measures should be taken to prevent acute gastritis.

　　3. Disinfect with vinegar and garlic:If you eat out, to prevent possible dangers, you can ask the waiter for a plate of vinegar and a few cloves of garlic to prevent acute gastritis.


　　4. Avoid taking acid-reducing agents:Acid-reducing agents can reduce stomach acid but can also reduce antibacterial power. If acid-reducing agents are taken, it may cause bacteria to multiply rapidly and in large quantities, leading to acute gastritis.

　　1. Blood routine: The number of peripheral blood leukocytes increases, and the number of neutrophils increases;
　　2. X-ray examination: The affected mucosa may appear rough, locally tender, and irritable;
　　3. Endoscopic examination may show congestion, edema, exudation, macular hemorrhage, or erosion of the gastric mucosa.

　　Suitable Foods
　　1. Drink plenty of water to replenish the water and salt lost due to vomiting and diarrhea. Generally, once every hour, drink 150-200 milliliters each time. Drinking plenty of water is also beneficial for the excretion of toxins.
　　2. After the patient stops vomiting and the frequency of diarrhea decreases, drink a small amount of rice gruel or rice flour. Then gradually eat some congee, cooked thin noodles, thin noodles, etc. Continue to drink plenty of water, and do not eat foods rich in protein and fat such as meat and eggs, or foods that are easy to cause bloating and have a lot of dietary fiber, such as milk should not be consumed temporarily.
　　3. After the condition improves, for example, after the pain in the abdomen subsides, the frequency of defecation decreases, and the body temperature approaches normal, you can start eating egg soup, steamed egg pudding, yogurt, congee, soup, toast, steamed or braised fresh fish, minced lean meat, tender green leaves, etc. The amount of food per meal should be small.
　　4. During the convalescence period, it is advisable to eat easily digestible, low in stimulation, and low in bloating foods, and try to make them soft and light.

　　Taboo Foods
　　To avoid gastrointestinal fermentation and bloating, it is advisable to avoid eating easily gas-producing foods such as beef during the acute phase, and to reduce the intake of sucrose as much as possible. Pay attention to food hygiene. Avoid high-fat meats, vegetables and fruits with a lot of fiber, strong drinks, foods, and spices, etc.

　　(1) General Treatment:Try to rest in bed. Take oral glucose-electrolyte solution to supplement the loss of body fluids. If there is persistent vomiting or obvious dehydration, then intravenous administration of 5% to 10% glucose saline and other related electrolytes is required. Encourage intake of light fluid or semi-fluid foods to prevent dehydration or treat mild dehydration.

　　(2) Symptomatic Treatment:Antiemetics such as chlorpromazine for intramuscular injection, antispasmodics such as belladonna, and antidiarrheals such as simethicone may be injected when necessary.

　　(3) Antibiotic Treatment:The therapeutic effect of antibiotics on this disease is controversial. For infectious diarrhea, it is appropriate to choose targeted antibiotics, such as coptis chinensis or gentamicin.