Hepatitis B '小三阳'

　　After the body is infected with HBV, it will cause immune reactions in the body, leading to different serum immunological markers. The three positive markers are HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV e antibody (HBeAb), and HBV core antibody (anti-HBC), which is known as小三阳.

　　1. Maternal-child transmission

　　Maternal-child transmission includes two aspects: vertical transmission and horizontal transmission. People have always believed that maternal-child transmission is vertical transmission, but this is not the case. Only 10% of infections occur during intrauterine transmission, and only 10% of the fetus is infected during pregnancy, which is not very high. The main transmission occurs during perinatal period and close contact after birth. As a mother with大三阳, the possibility of infection after the child is born reaches 90% to 95%. The chance of infection in children born to HBV mothers with negative E antigen is half that of those with positive E antigen, about 45% to 40%.

　　2. Nosocomial infection

　　Infection can occur during the examination and treatment process in the hospital due to the use of medical instruments that have not been strictly disinfected and have been reused repeatedly and contaminated with HBV. This is called nosocomial transmission, including surgery, dental instruments, blood collection needles, acupuncture needles, and endoscopes, etc.

　　3. Blood transmission

　　After transfusing blood and blood products infected with HBV, post-transfusion hepatitis B can occur.

　　4. Sexual transmission

　　Hepatitis B can be transmitted sexually, and sexual transmission also belongs to body fluid transmission. In addition, kissing can also transmit the virus, and there is also a possibility of transmission if the oral mucosa is damaged.

　　小三阳 indicates that the patient has been infected with the HBV, the liver function has been damaged, and it is prone to other diseases.

　　1. Gastrointestinal symptoms

　　This is also a typical symptom of HBV小三阳, common symptoms include bitter taste, diarrhea, and in severe cases, gastric ulcers, which are related to the disorder of gastric acid secretion.

　　2. Blood system diseases

　　This mainly includes diseases such as aplastic anemia. There are also complications related to the nervous system, such as irritability, anger, insomnia, and dreams.

　　3. Nephritis

　　During the immune system's fight against the virus, immune complexes are produced, which accumulate in renal tissue, leading to renal lesions.

　　4. Fatty liver

　　This is due to liver damage, which leads to a decrease in the metabolism of fats and sugars. Undigested fats accumulate in the body, forming fatty liver. At this time, if alcohol is consumed frequently, it is also easy to develop alcoholic liver disease. Because alcohol is highly damaging to the liver, drinking can cause more serious lesions in the already fragile liver.

　　5. Liver cirrhosis and liver cancer

　　If hepatitis B virus (HBV)小三阳 is not treated promptly or improperly, it will gradually transform into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Moreover, clinical practice shows that the probability of HBV小三阳 transforming into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer is much higher than that of大三阳.

　　小三阳 indicates acute or chronic hepatitis B, with viral replication in the body, and clinical symptoms are manifested as:

　　1. Chronic HBV carriers often have no symptoms and are usually in the immune tolerance phase. Besides being '小三阳' and positive for virus detection, other growth indicators and pathological indicators are normal. Although medication is not needed during this period, regular detection and observation are required to detect disease progression in a timely manner. Research on carriers of hepatitis B小三阳 also shows that a small number of carriers may have normal liver function but still show a progressive process of the disease. After several years, it may progress to hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or even liver cancer. Therefore, regular re-examination and timely intervention should be done to detect disease progression in a timely manner.

　　2. Chronic hepatitis B: It can be divided into mild, moderate, and severe types according to the condition.

　　Mild: The condition of hepatitis B小三阳 is relatively mild, and symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, decreased appetite, aversion to greasy food, jaundice, discomfort in the liver area, poor sleep, and slight enlargement of the liver with slight tenderness may occur. There may be mild splenomegaly. In some cases, symptoms and signs may be absent. Liver function indicators are only slightly abnormal in 1 or 2 items.

　　Moderate: Symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests are between mild and severe.

　　Severe: There are obvious or persistent symptoms of hepatitis, such as fatigue, abdominal distension, jaundice, diarrhea, etc., accompanied by jaundice face, liver掌, spider nevus, splenomegaly, and recurrent or persistent elevation of ALT and/or AST. There is a decrease in albumin and a significant increase in gamma globulin.

　　小三阳 is a manifestation form of hepatitis B five items, indicating that the body has been infected with the hepatitis B virus. To prevent小三阳, one should pay attention to the following issues:

　　1. When there are skin or mucosal lesions, one should avoid close contact with hepatitis B小三阳 patients to reduce the possibility of transmission.

　　2. Hepatitis B小三阳 patients should pay special attention to comprehensive examinations before pregnancy, choose the best timing, and do a good job in hepatitis B小三阳 mother-to-child and father-to-child transmission prevention to reduce the possibility of transmission to offspring.

　　3. When getting a permanent makeup, tattooing, or piercing, one should go to places with complete sterilization facilities and try to use disposable medical instruments to avoid infection from hepatitis B virus-infected instruments.

　　4. In daily life, the patient's tableware, toothbrushes, towels, teacups, and other daily necessities should be used separately to avoid the transmission of hepatitis B virus through the wounds of healthy individuals.

　　For hepatitis B小三阳 patients engaging in sexual activity, they should pay attention to the use of condoms, which is also an issue to be noted for the prevention of hepatitis B小三阳.

　　The presence of小三阳 indicates that the patient's body is replicating the hepatitis B virus. Generally, the following examinations need to be done:

　　1. Liver function test

　　Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a sensitive marker of liver cell injury, which can provide important reference for the treatment of the disease and the estimation of the condition, enabling a comprehensive judgment of the stage of the disease, whether it is mild or severe.

　　2. Ultrasound

　　Regular ultrasound examination can help understand the size and shape of the liver, echo condition, portal vein diameter, spleen thickness, and the presence of ascites. This examination for hepatitis B小三阳 can determine whether the condition is transforming towards liver cirrhosis or if there are any locational lesions.

　　3. Hepatitis B five items

　　The hepatitis B five items examination is a preliminary examination to determine whether a person is infected with hepatitis B or to roughly estimate the level of viral replication. The hepatitis B five items have little reference value for the assessment of the severity of the disease.

　　4. Hepatitis B virus DNA detection

　　The examination for hepatitis B carriers with小三阳 is the detection of hepatitis B virus DNA, which is an indicator of the amount of virus in the blood. It mainly indicates the size of infectivity and the speed of viral replication. Active replication represents high infectivity, while the opposite represents low infectivity.

　　5. Detection of hepatitis B virus mutation

　　Through testing, it can be known that the patient's condition development, degree of liver injury, sensitivity to drugs, etc. Scientific diagnosis of the patient's condition, and choosing the best antiviral drug for the patient's condition. This is one of the examinations for hepatitis B carriers with小三阳.

　　The characteristic of chronic hepatitis is the recurrence of the exacerbation and remission of liver inflammation, so the diet plan should be adjusted according to the condition of liver function.

　　1. Pay attention to the lightness of the diet. As everyone knows, hepatitis B carriers with小三阳 is a digestive system disease. If patients use too greasy things, it will increase the burden on the digestive tract, which is not conducive to the recovery of the disease.

　　2. Avoid consuming spicy and irritating foods. Excessive consumption may trigger complications such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

　　3. Do not consume bottled or canned beverages and food. These foods contain preservatives, colors, and other harmful substances. The liver is the detoxification organ of the human body, and consuming these foods will increase the burden on the liver, which is not conducive to the recovery of the disease.

　　4. Avoid overeating and pay attention to eating less and more often. Hepatitis B carriers with小三阳 should eat less and more often, not eating too much at one time, otherwise, it may cause incomplete digestion and food accumulation in the body.

　　5. Consume fresh fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables contain abundant vitamins and fiber. However, attention must be paid to hygiene when eating fruits, making sure they are clean and washed. Do not eat moldy vegetables and fruits.

　　6. Reasonably supplement protein. In practice, some patients with小三阳 believe that they should supplement more protein, which may lead to the occurrence of complications. Experts remind patients to supplement protein reasonably and not blindly. Milk, eggs, and soy products are all rich in high-quality protein.

　　7. Avoid consuming high-fat foods. Hepatitis B carriers with小三阳 should not eat fried, baked, or high-fat foods.

　　First, treatment for hepatitis B carriers with小三阳

　　Liver disease is known as one of the three intractable diseases in medicine. In the past, traditional treatment methods were simply taking medicine and injections, which could not enter the core of the liver to separate the virus. This is the reason why many liver disease patients have been treated for a long time without recovery.

　　1. Treatment of hepatitis B: Treating hepatitis B involves issues such as individual differences in hepatitis B patients, mutations of the hepatitis B virus, and vaccine dosage, etc.

　　2. Treatment of hepatitis C: A scientific antiviral treatment plan for chronic hepatitis C is formulated based on liver function, viral load, and liver tissue pathology, and the plan is scientifically evaluated. The effect is significant, greatly improving the cure rate of hepatitis C patients.

　　3. Treatment of fatty liver: Based on the treatment principle of 'suppressing fat accumulation, promoting fat metabolism, and emphasizing liver protection and liver care', it has achieved ideal practical results in the clinical treatment of fatty liver.

　　4. Treatment of alcoholic liver disease: Traditional treatment of alcoholic liver disease has significant side effects and is prone to causing secondary injury to the liver.

　　5. Treatment of liver cirrhosis/liver fibrosis: Adopting integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment and personalized treatment, which has a good effect on the treatment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.

　　Second, the essence of superoxide

　　Superoxide and its active metabolites induce the production of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells (NK) in the human body, utilizing the body's own immune function to attack and eliminate hepatitis viruses, avoiding the disadvantages of rebound after discontinuation of traditional antiviral drugs:

　　1. Immune killing: Activating the body's immune system to produce various immune cells that kill hepatitis viruses;

　　2. Immune induction: Inducing the body to produce various antiviral cytokines (such as various endogenous interferons, interleukins, granulocyte colony-stimulating factors, and transforming growth factors) that ultimately kill the virus.

　　3. Activating the body's neutrophils, enhancing the phagocytic function of granulocytes, penetrating the protein membrane of hepatitis viruses, cleaving the DNA molecule chain of hepatitis virus, destroying the template for DNA virus replication, and inhibiting viral replication.

　　4. Promoting the antigenic expression of virus-infected cells, quickly identifying and locking变异 viruses for eradication.

　　5. Inducing the body to release tumor necrosis factor, enhancing the body's antitumor function, inhibiting the production of tumor cells, and killing viruses that cause tumors.

　　6. Liver protection: By promoting the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin, improving liver oxygen supply, enhancing liver blood circulation, and simultaneously activating the liver's free radical scavenging system, clearing liver toxins, improving liver antioxidant capacity, and repairing damaged liver cells.

　　7. By activating the pentose phosphate pathway of red blood cells, superoxide ultimately activates the metabolism of all red blood cells. Inducing an increase in ATP within red blood cells can enhance the mechanical resistance of the red blood cell membrane, improve blood rheological properties, reduce the burden on the liver, promote the recovery of liver function, and in the short term, make patients feel relief of symptoms and improvement in their condition.