仰趾外翻足

　　先天性仰趾外翻足多见第一胎婴儿，可能与初产妇的子宫小而张力高，腹部肌肉也较紧张有关。上述情形易使胎儿在妊娠晚期受到机械性压迫，从而引起足的姿势异常。

　　先天性仰趾外翻足的患儿，时间长者会导致足骨发育异常；引起距骨、舟骨向内凸出、外侧跟骨、骰骨发育不良，跟骨外翻；出现前足外展旋前，内侧缘下陷（胫后肌麻痹更为明显）。还可引起足背及前足底内侧疼痛，并可出现疼痛性胼胝。

　　先天性仰趾外翻足是一种常见的姿势性足畸形，多见于第一胎，可能与初产妇子宫小而张力高，腹部肌肉也较紧张有关。患儿出生后即可发现患足背伸和外翻畸形。严重者足背可与胫骨前方皮肤相接触。同时因足背侧和外侧软组织张力增加，使足的跖屈和内翻活动受限。

　　Congenital hammertoe is a congenital disease with an unknown etiology, and there are currently no effective preventive measures. Pregnant women should perform prenatal examinations well during pregnancy to avoid the birth of infants with congenital diseases.

　　Congenital hammertoe is a common positional foot deformity, characterized by full foot dorsiflexion and eversion. Women are more common than men, with a ratio of1∶0.6. The affected foot can be observed to be dorsiflexed and everted at birth. Severe cases may have the dorsal aspect of the foot in contact with the skin in front of the tibia. Auxiliary examinations often show no specific manifestations. X-ray examinations often show no abnormalities, neither subluxation of the tarsal joint nor maldevelopment of the primary tarsal ossification center.

　　Hammertoe is a congenital disease with no dietary restrictions. Pregnant women should ensure adequate and comprehensive nutrition during pregnancy, avoid picky eating, maintain good rest and living habits, and engage in moderate exercise to ensure the health of the fetus.

　　Congenital hammertoe is a common positional foot deformity, more common in first-time infants, with more girls than boys. It is related to the small uterus and high tension of primigravida, as well as the tense abdominal muscles. The treatment of congenital hammertoe is divided into the following two situations:

　　1For mild cases, if the affected foot can be passively plantar flexed and inverted beyond the neutral position, no treatment is needed, usually in3～6months.

　　2For relatively severe deformities, manual reduction should be adopted, and passive plantar flexion and inversion activities should be performed, stretching the soft tissues on the dorsal and plantar sides of the foot. Daily, it can recover normally within3～4times, each time completing30 actions. Each time you stretch, maintain10seconds. Generally, adhere to2～3months can eliminate the deformity. If the manual reduction is still not satisfactory, use corrective plaster or Denis-Brown splint, fix the affected foot in plantar flexion and inversion position, about4～6The deformity can be eliminated in a week.