Hand and foot cyanosis

　　1. Etiology

　　The etiology of the disease has not been clearly identified yet. It is currently believed to be related to endocrine dysfunction or dysfunction of the vascular motor center. The reason is that this disease is more common in adolescent girls, and symptoms can naturally alleviate around the age of 25; patients have a high sensitivity to coldness in the distal skin of the limbs, with a significantly reduced skin temperature, and the venous plexus of the skin is in a relaxed state. Emotional excitement can worsen the symptoms.

　　2. Pathogenesis

　　The occurrence of the disease may be due to dysfunction of the endocrine system and the central nervous system of the blood vessels, with the small arteries of the skin in a spasm state, while the capillaries and small veins are in a state of continuous expansion, leading to slow blood flow and reduced blood oxygen concentration, causing the skin to appear cyanotic and the skin temperature to decrease. Capillary microcirculation in the nail fold shows expansion, tortuosity, slow blood flow, and a stasis state.

　　Generally considered a benign functional vascular disease, it can be accompanied by finger swelling and hardness. The patient is relatively thin and weak, often complaining of coldness all over the body, with the skin of the hands and feet showing cyanosis, the skin temperature significantly reduced (feeling cold when touched), hands feeling swollen. This condition worsens in cold seasons and when limbs are下垂, and improves in warm seasons and when hands are raised. Massaging the hands and feet can alleviate cyanosis or restore normal skin color. Occasionally, there may be mild dullness of skin sensation, and severe cases are prone to frostbite in cold weather, with mild swelling of the fingers. If frostbite occurs year after year, the back of the hands may show characteristics of chronic frostbite, such as nodular hard lumps, hyperpigmentation, pain in cold weather, itching in warm weather, ulcers, and scars after healing.

　　The onset age is mostly around 20 years old, with young women being more common, rarely seen in men. Symptoms tend to alleviate after middle age, with some persisting. The incidence rate is higher in patients with mental abnormalities.

　　The patient is relatively thin and weak, often complaining of coldness all over the body, with the skin of the hands and feet showing cyanosis, and the skin temperature significantly reduced (feeling cold when touched), hands feeling swollen. This condition worsens in cold seasons and when limbs are下垂, and improves in warm seasons and when hands are raised. Massaging the hands and feet can alleviate cyanosis or restore normal skin color. Occasionally, there may be mild dullness of skin sensation, and severe cases are prone to frostbite in cold weather, with mild swelling of the fingers. If frostbite occurs year after year, the back of the hands may show characteristics of chronic frostbite, such as nodular hard lumps, hyperpigmentation, pain in cold weather, itching in warm weather, ulcers, and scars after healing.

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　　How to prevent hand and foot cyanosis

　　1. Prevention

　　1. Strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness. Quit smoking, avoid drinking tea and coffee.

　　Hand-foot cyanosis is a benign functional vascular disease. Although it can sometimes cause considerable discomfort and lesions, especially in cases with finger swelling and hardening, there are no serious consequences. Generally, the condition can gradually improve after adulthood, but it can also have persistent skin color changes throughout life. There is no limb malnutrition and the occurrence of ulcers and gangrene, and the prognosis of the limbs and life is good.

　　What laboratory tests are needed for hand and foot cyanosis

　　Skin color, skin elasticity examination, blood routine, stool routine, electrocardiogram.

　　Capillary loop expansion is shown in the examination of the nail fold microcirculation, with slow blood flow and stasis, and slightly red blood color. There may be exudation around the loops, causing unclear contours of the loops. The cold stimulation test is often positive.

　　Dietary taboos for hand and foot cyanosis patients

　　1. Quit smoking, do not drink刺激性饮料, switch to drinking milk, fresh fruit juice, and grain drinks. Try to avoid eating poultry, fried foods, candies, and desserts. You can eat a variety of vitamin B complex, which can calm the nerves and remove nicotine.

　　1. Treatment

　　This disease does not require special treatment. The condition can be improved by eliminating psychological burden, exercising, keeping warm, and massaging the hands.

　　For severe cases, tolazoline 80mg can be used twice a day; reserpine 0.25-0.5mg, three times a day orally; pentoxifylline 100-200mg, three times a day orally. Scopolamine (654-2) can be injected into the humeral artery if necessary.

　　2. Prognosis

　　Hand-foot cyanosis is a benign functional vascular disease. Although it can sometimes cause considerable discomfort and lesions, especially in cases with finger swelling and hardening, there are no serious consequences. Generally, the condition can gradually improve after adulthood, but it can also have persistent skin color changes throughout life. There is no limb malnutrition and the occurrence of ulcers and gangrene, and the prognosis of the limbs and life is good.