Gas gangrene cystitis

　　The pathogenic bacteria of gas gangrene cystitis mainly include Escherichia coli, gas-forming bacilli, Proteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and others. They enter the urinary system through the blood or injury of the urinary tract epithelium, fermenting glucose in urine or abnormal proteins in urine, or decomposing normal proteins of Escherichia coli to produce gas. This gas has been analyzed and confirmed to be carbon dioxide. The triggering factors are often diabetes or patients with long-term and large-volume intravenous glucose infusion, as diabetes itself is prone to bacterial infection; secondly, it is caused by long-term catheterization or urinary tract injury due to urinary tract obstruction.

　　Gas gangrene cystitis can spread to cause renal emphysema, presenting as acute diffuse suppurative inflammation. Severe bubble formation can cause renal tissue necrosis and sepsis, leading to death, with a mortality rate exceeding 43% (Freiha et al., 1979). Secondly, it may be accompanied by changes such as muscle hypertrophy due to obstruction, increased bladder capacity, and even the formation of diverticula. Therefore, once the disease is diagnosed, active treatment should be carried out to prevent the infection from worsening and causing serious complications.

　　What are the symptoms of gas gangrene cystitis? Briefly described as follows:

　　1. Bubbly urine is the most distinctive feature found during urination or catheterization.

　　2. There are often long-term diabetes, urinary tract infections, or catheterization history, and elderly women are more common.

　　3. There are obvious symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and dysuria, and in severe cases, chills and high fever may occur.

　　The pathogenic bacteria of gas gangrene cystitis mainly include Escherichia coli, gas-forming bacilli, Proteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and others. They enter the urinary system through the blood or injury of the urinary tract epithelium, fermenting glucose in urine or abnormal proteins in urine, or decomposing normal proteins of Escherichia coli to produce gas. Therefore, clinical prevention should be based on etiology, and active treatment should be carried out when urinary system infection or blood infection occurs to avoid the infection spreading to the bladder tissue and triggering the disease.

　　What examinations should be done for gas bladder inflammation? Briefly as follows:

　　1. Laboratory examination shows a large number of pus cells and red blood cells in the urine, and the middle segment urine culture can identify the pathogenic bacteria, which are mostly gas-producing bacilli.

　　2. X-ray examination is of great significance for diagnosis. The X-ray manifestations are divided into 3 stages: Stage I, bladder urography shows a clear and transparent band about 1mm wide surrounding the bladder cavity; Stage II, there is an increase in gas, the edge of the bladder wall is irregular, the wall is thickened, in addition to the clear band, there are also bubbles; Stage III: the bladder wall bubbles burst into the bladder cavity, the gas in the cavity increases, and gas urine can be excreted at this time.

　　Patients with gas bladder inflammation should have a light diet, eat less greasy food, and drink more porridge.

　　1. Corn Porridge

　　Ingredients: Corn bran or flour 50 grams, a little salt.

　　Preparation and usage: Boil corn bran with an appropriate amount of water to make porridge, then add a little salt and it is ready. Eat on an empty stomach.

　　2. Barley Porridge

　　Ingredients: Barley 50 grams, brown sugar in appropriate amount.

　　Preparation and usage: Grind barley into powder, boil it into porridge with water, then mix with an appropriate amount of brown sugar and eat.

　　3. Bamboo Leaf Porridge

　　Ingredients: Fresh bamboo leaves 30-45 grams, gypsum 15-30 grams, glutinous rice 50-100 grams, a little sugar.

　　Preparation method: Boil fresh bamboo leaves and glutinous rice in a sufficient amount of water to make porridge, then add gypsum and continue to boil for three minutes. Add a little sugar when drinking.

　　The main methods of Western medicine for treating gas bladder inflammation mainly focus on the following aspects:

　　1. Actively treat the primary disease such as diabetes and urinary retention, and remove the causes of the disease.

　　2. Control infection, select effective antibiotics, especially those selected based on drug sensitivity results, and control infection as soon as possible.

　　3. Drain urine, relieve obstruction, and also use antibiotic solutions to flush the bladder.

　　4. Comprehensive supportive therapy, correcting nutritional status, and enhancing the body's resistance.