Infant乳积

　　Due to breast injury, the spleen and stomach are damaged. Western medicine currently considers it to be the result of a multi-factorial comprehensive action, such as gastrointestinal motor dysfunction, visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal gastric acid secretion, Hp infection, and psychological and psychological factors. The pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia is not yet clear. Changes in mucosal immunity and inflammatory function, as well as changes in central nervous system (CNS), brain-gut axis, and enteric nervous system (ENS) regulatory function.

　　1. Extra-intestinal infection

　　Extra-intestinal infections may be the cause of diarrhea, but they are also often infected due to reduced systemic resistance after diarrhea. Common ones include skin suppurative infections, urinary tract infections, otitis media, upper respiratory tract infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, phlebitis, and sepsis. Viral enteritis occasionally can be complicated with myocarditis.

　　2. Malnutrition and vitamin deficiency

　　Persistent diarrhea for a long time, or repeated fasting multiple times, or long-term insufficient calorie intake, may lead to malnutrition, anemia, and vitamin A deficiency. Chronic diarrhea can damage liver function, reduce vitamin K absorption, and decrease prothrombin, leading to bleeding.

　　3. Other

　　Severe dehydration may lead to acute renal failure. In addition, there may be toxicileum, intestinal bleeding, intestinal perforation, intussusception, and gastric dilatation. It can also cause acute heart failure, hypernatremia or hyponatremia, or hyperkalemia due to improper fluid administration. Negligent care of vomiting in infants may cause asphyxia.

　　Clinical manifestations include loss of appetite, poor digestion, vomiting or defecation with undigested milk residue, with a smelly odor, abdominal distension and pain, which may be accompanied by fever, thirst, mouth ulcers, and gradual weight loss.

　　1. Adjust the diet structure, eat less meat, cold drinks, carbonated drinks, and snacks. Pay attention to avoid eating foods that may trigger symptoms, such as coffee, alcohol, and high-fat foods.

　　2. Develop good eating habits, do not overeat, eat on time, and eat more vegetables and fruits are good methods to adjust digestive function. Educate children to develop good defecation habits, which may help improve symptoms of dyspepsia.

　　3. Ensure outdoor activity time.

　　4. Appropriate psychological treatment plays an important role in the recovery of the disease, which can improve symptoms.

　　1. Body surface electrogastric examination

　　This is an effective non-invasive method to evaluate the adverse gastric electromyographic activity of children. By using surface gastric electromyography and Fourier transform and spectral analysis methods, the gastric antrum migrating motor complex (MMC) can be measured. Studies have shown that the activity of the gastric antrum migrating motor complex in some FD children is significantly reduced. FD children are more common with bradycardia, and children with decreased appetite have more hyperactivity of the gastric antrum electrical activity, indicating that the gastric electrocardiogram can indicate the adverse movement (hyperactivity or bradycardia) of the gastric smooth muscle, which has auxiliary diagnostic significance for childhood FD.

　　2. Gastric motility testing

　　Gastric sensory motor dysfunction is one of the pathogenesis of FD, and most children have gastric motility abnormalities. Gastric motility testing can understand the gastric emptying situation through ultrasound, observe the frequency and amplitude of gastric antrum contraction, and provide objective evidence for the clinical diagnosis of FD, and can evaluate the efficacy during the follow-up process. This testing method has the advantages of painlessness, non-invasiveness, economy, simplicity, and avoidance of radiation exposure, which are easy for children and parents to accept. However, the examination requires the cooperation of the child, and it is difficult to execute for children under 3 years of age due to insufficient cognitive ability.

　　3. Other

　　Hydration test can assist in the diagnosis of FD with high specificity but low sensitivity, and has not been widely applied in clinical practice. Many FD children have psychological factors such as anxiety, tension, and depression. Through simple psychological tests, the mental health status of children can be understood, and further understand the condition of children to assist in diagnosis and treatment.

　　1. What foods are good for children with milk retention

　　Maintain a light diet, eat more vegetables and fruits, rationally match the diet, and pay attention to sufficient nutrition.

　　2. What foods should children with milk retention avoid eating

　　Avoid smoking, drinking, spicy foods, greasy foods, smoking, drinking, and eating cold foods.

　　Healthy Children's Tablets
　　Ingredients Rapha seed powder, Curcuma, Bitter Almond (fried), Realgar, kernel of Brucea javanica, Licorice, beeswax.
　　Properties This product is a round wax tablet in orange color; it has a fragrant smell and a spicy taste.
　　Indications and Uses To remove accumulations and expel worms, to stimulate appetite and facilitate digestion. Used for children with food retention, milk retention, fever, abdominal distension, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, etc.
　　Usage and Dosage Oral, half a tablet for children over six months, 1 tablet for children aged 1 to 2, and then increase 1 tablet per year after each birthday, 12 tablets for children aged 13 to adults.
　　Precautions Avoid cold and spicy foods.