Secondary liver cancer

　　通常继发性肝癌的都不是肝脏自身引起的，而是跟它关系密切的“邻居”所传染的！因此大家要注意胃、胆囊、肾上腺和胆管等器官，一旦患上了疾病就应该要及早治疗，以免病情恶化导致癌细胞传染到肝脏，引起这一疾病的发生。那么引起这一疾病的原因有哪些呢？下面就为大家介绍一下引起继发性肝癌的原因吧。

　　癌细胞主要是通过血液循环系统入侵肝脏的。肝脏是血流量很大的器官，人体内有两套给肝脏供血的系统。其一是门静脉系统，腹腔内所有的器官包括胃、小肠、结直肠、胰腺、脾脏的静脉血液都要汇集到门静脉，而后回流到肝脏，将吸收的营养成分送到肝脏合成人体必须的各种物质，将人体代谢产生的毒素由肝脏进行解毒。同时这些器官原发的恶性肿瘤细胞也可以通过这一途径直接流向肝脏，继而在肝脏停留下来形成转移瘤。肝脏的第二套供血系统是肝动脉系统，从心脏供应的富含氧气的新鲜血液经由主动脉、腹腔干动脉、肝总动脉、肝固有动脉流进肝脏。腹腔外的器官如肺、乳腺、肾脏、卵巢等原发的恶性肿瘤细胞，一般是回流到心脏，在通过动脉系统转移至肝脏。

　　另外像胆囊、胃、肾上腺和胆管这类与肝脏位置邻近、关系密切的器官，但其原发恶性肿瘤长到一定程度后，很容易向肝脏这个“老邻居”直接扩散，形成所谓的浸润转移。恶性肿瘤长到直径大于2厘米时，每天可释放大量的癌细胞进入血液循环，这些癌细胞通过“随波逐流”最终都可以到达肝脏。肝脏的结构就像一块厚实的浸满血的海绵，血液灌流量较大而流速较慢，肿瘤细胞易于进入肝脏实质并停留下来。其中到达肝脏的恶性度较高的肿瘤细胞可分泌某些生长因子促进自身瘤细胞的增殖，并刺激周围新生毛细血管长入，因此逐渐形成独立的肿瘤细胞团块，用不了很长时间就可以形成肉眼可见大小的肿瘤转移病灶了。

　　Disease is merciless, so people should be more vigilant, understand the etiology of secondary liver cancer more, so that effective prevention can be carried out, and the recurrence of the disease can be avoided after recovery. In daily life, attention should also be paid to diet and rest, and good living habits should be maintained. Finally, I wish all patients a speedy recovery and a happy life!

　　Secondary liver cancer is a highly harmful disease with high incidence and mortality rates. Many people are suffering from the pain and suffering caused by this disease, especially the complications in the late stage are extremely painful. The following experts introduce the complications of secondary liver cancer.

　　1, Gastrointestinal bleeding

　　In clinical practice, we can observe that gastrointestinal bleeding is a common severe complication and is the main cause of death in patients. When esophageal and gastric varices and coagulation mechanism disorders occur, bleeding will occur once there is a rupture.

　　2, Hepatic encephalopathy

　　In the late stage of the disease, some patients may also develop hepatic encephalopathy, mainly due to severe liver injury or liver cirrhosis leading to destruction of the liver parenchyma, which is also an important cause of death.

　　3, Ascites

　　Clinical observations have found that due to the liver enlargement compressing the portal vein and hepatic vein, leading to portal hypertension, combined with factors such as tumor metastasis and hypoalbuminemia, patients may develop pleural effusion and ascites, which are very dangerous for patients.

　　4, Secondary infection

　　During the long-term treatment process, patients are prone to have decreased physical fitness, reduced immunity, and malnutrition, which are easy to lead to infection. Prolonged bed resters are prone to develop bedsores, intestinal infections, and pulmonary infections.

　　The above-mentioned are the complications of secondary liver cancer. The occurrence of these diseases not only causes great pain and suffering to patients but also greatly affects the treatment effect. Therefore, it is necessary to take positive and good nursing measures. May you stay healthy!

　　Generally speaking, the clinical manifestations of secondary liver cancer are often mild, and the progression of the disease is hidden. When the number of tumors is not large and the volume is not large, secondary liver cancer often manifests primarily as symptoms caused by primary tumors in other organs, such as hematochezia, weight loss, abdominal distension, and intestinal obstruction in colorectal cancer, jaundice, abdominal pain, or back pain in pancreatic cancer, breast lump in breast cancer, abdominal pain and melena in gastric cancer, cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain in lung cancer, and so on. However, as the metastatic lesions in the liver gradually grow larger, patients may also present with symptoms similar to primary liver cancer, such as weight loss, fatigue, pain in the liver area, liver mass, and even ascites and jaundice. In rare cases, some malignant liver tumors with high malignancy may not be large in size and may not have obvious symptoms, but may have diffuse liver metastasis, significant liver enlargement, and a full liver area, which may be difficult to differentiate from primary liver cancer.

　　As the saying goes, 'Prevention is better than cure.' This sentence explains the attitude we should adopt towards diseases, that is, prevention is more important than treatment. Although treatment for diseases is indispensable for every patient, the prevention of diseases is also crucial because it concerns our health. Therefore, in our daily life, we should develop good living habits and hygiene habits. Paying attention to timely treatment when suffering from this disease, then how to prevent the occurrence of secondary liver cancer? The following experts introduce the measures to prevent secondary liver cancer.

　　1. Prevent hepatitis

　　Not only do newborns need to be vaccinated with the hepatitis B vaccine, but adults who have not been vaccinated with the hepatitis B vaccine or have not had hepatitis can also be vaccinated. However, it is estimated that it will take several decades to see the effect. In addition to getting vaccinated with the hepatitis B vaccine, attention should also be paid to controlling other transmission routes, such as diet, surgery, blood transfusion, injection, acupuncture, and hairdressing.

　　2. Do not eat moldy or rotten food

　　These foods contain aflatoxin, a carcinogenic substance. Eating moldy food is also likely to cause liver cancer. Moreover, if the unpolished rice in the plastic bag is exposed to high temperatures and the moisture content is greater than 16%, it will mildew. Moldy food must be dried, for example: corn, peanuts, peanut oil, peanut butter, etc. are easily moldy foods, and these foods should be stored properly.

　　3. Keep drinking water clean and free from pollution

　　Drinking water containing chemical substances is likely to cause cancer. Tap water is not necessarily clean either. The roofs of buildings above 5 floors have water tanks, which should be cleaned by专人, and it is best to be disinfected twice. The tank body should also use chemicals that do not pollute water.

　　4. Appropriately supplement selenium

　　For people with low selenium levels, use selenium yeast, selenium polysaccharides, and selenium-rich salt to supplement selenium elements, and improve the blood selenium level.

　　5. Reduce the intake of nitrosamines and quit smoking and drinking

　　Smoking and drinking are also bad for fatty liver. Drinking red wine, beer, and a small amount of alcohol has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, but in fact, alcohol is harmful to the human body. The gastric mucosa in the stomach has a protective effect on the human body, and alcohol can digest the gastric mucosa, causing the stomach cells to be injured, and the toxic substances in the food are easily absorbed by the stomach. This can easily lead to alcoholic hepatitis, reduce the immune function of the liver and the whole body, and damage the detoxification function of the liver. This is why people who drink alcohol have poor detoxification function, are prone to alcoholic cirrhosis, and part of the cirrhosis may turn into liver cancer.

　　After reading the discussions about how to prevent secondary liver cancer, I believe you have a profound understanding. Or maybe you have realized the importance of some details in daily life, such as certain details that you may not pay much attention to, which usually become apparent after a long time. Therefore, for some diseases, such as prevention, we should start from the details in our daily life. Wishing you good health!

　　Secondary liver cancer is generally caused by the cell carcinoma transformation in the liver due to the pathological changes of other organs in the body. Although secondary liver cancer is difficult to cure, if it is discovered in time and the patient goes to the hospital for examination and treatment as soon as possible, there is still a certain chance of recovery. So, if there is a suspicion of secondary liver cancer, what kind of examinations should be done at the hospital? Below, experts introduce the laboratory tests for secondary liver cancer.

　　1. Most patients do not have obvious symptoms in the liver, and often find liver metastatic lesions during routine abdominal examination when they discover tumors in other parts. Or, if an extraperitoneal malignant tumor has been surgically removed, the patient may find liver metastasis during regular follow-up visits at the outpatient department every few months. The main examination methods are abdominal color Doppler ultrasound, enhanced CT, or MRI, especially the latter two checks can directly find liver masses and clearly identify the number and size of metastatic tumors.

　　2. Physical examination may not reveal specific findings, unless there are many large metastatic tumors, in which case the doctor may feel an enlarged liver and have tenderness in the liver area.

　　3. Sometimes, due to the inability to determine the nature of liver masses, or suspecting that there are metastatic tumors in other parts, or in order to find hidden primary malignant tumors that cause metastatic liver cancer, a whole-body scan can be performed with PET-CT.

　　4. To understand the function of the liver and provide necessary data for possible liver surgery in the future, routine blood, urine, and stool tests, coagulation function, liver function (mainly looking at bilirubin, albumin, transaminases) need to be checked. To differentiate from primary liver cancer, it is also necessary to perform virological tests for alpha-fetoprotein, hepatitis B or C virus.

　　Expert reminder:As for the diagnostic methods for secondary liver cancer, that's all I'll introduce for now. With the rapid development of medical technology, certain achievements have been made in the treatment of cancer. Therefore, patients should not lose hope of cure when they learn that they have secondary liver cancer. Liver cancer patients should actively cooperate with the guidance of professional doctors for treatment.

　　Dietary care for patients with secondary liver cancer, attention should be paid to targeted dietary therapy combined with the disease, and more physical exercise. Relying solely on dietary care is far from enough; treatment and prevention can be combined with both Chinese and Western medicine. Liver cancer has become one of the diseases that harm social and human health, bringing great pain and distress to humanity. Below, experts introduce some dietary therapies that are beneficial for the recovery of patients with secondary liver cancer.

　　1. Watermelon rind tomato tofu soup

　　Watermelon rind, tomato, tofu. Cut the watermelon rind, tomato, and tofu into thin strips and make a soup. Regular consumption has the effects of invigorating the spleen, promoting digestion, clearing heat and detoxifying, diuretic, and promoting moisture. It is not suitable for those with虚寒体质 (weak body with cold symptoms) to take in large quantities.

　　2. Goji berries and turtle

　　Goji berries and turtle. Boil goji berries and turtle together until they are tender and well-cooked. Both the goji berries and turtle soup are edible. Eat once a week, but not excessively, especially for those with poor digestion or insomnia. Avoid drinking白酒 (strong spirits), eating chili, pork, leek, fatty meat, fried foods, hard foods, and spicy seasonings. It has the effects of nourishing yin, clearing heat, resolving phlegm, cooling blood, and improving the body's immune function.

　　3. Jici carp soup

　　Jici vegetables, one carp. Boil Jici vegetables and carp together, add appropriate seasonings and it is ready. Regular consumption has the effect of removing blood stasis, stopping vomiting, and improving symptoms. However, those with spleen and stomach cold, without blood stasis, should avoid taking it.

　　Due to the vast majority of secondary liver cancer patients have no surgical indications and rely on drug treatment, the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine treatment are to improve symptoms, reduce toxic and side effects, enhance the body's immune function, delay the development of the disease, and some patients' tumors can also shrink or survive for a long time with tumors. The following experts introduce the measures for traditional Chinese medicine treatment of secondary liver cancer.

　　1. Treatment based on differentiation

　　(1) Liver Qi stagnation type: differentiated as liver Qi stagnation, spleen function disorder. The formula is modified Chaihu Shugan Powder. In the formula, Chaihu, baishao, Yujin, Zhizi relax the liver and regulate Qi, baizhu, Fuzi, dangshen, and Jiaosan invigorate the spleen and harmonize the stomach.

　　(2) Spleen deficiency and dampness retention type: differentiated as spleen deficiency and dampness retention, internal dampness and retention. The formula is modified Liu Junzi Decoction. In the formula, dangshen, baizhu, Chenpi, and Gancao invigorate the spleen and harmonize the stomach, Poria, Banxia, Yuzhu, and bian Dou transform the middle and remove dampness.

　　(3) Qi stagnation and blood stasis type: differentiated as Qi stagnation and blood stasis, blocking the liver collaterals. The formula is Tao Ren Si Wu Decoction plus Huayu Wan, modified. In the formula, Tao Ren, safflower, Chuanxiong, trigonella, and Curcuma rhizoma activate blood and remove blood stasis, Yujin, baishao, Danggui, Yuanhu relax the liver and regulate Qi.

　　(4) Liver and gallbladder damp-heat type: differentiated as liver and gallbladder damp-heat, Qi circulation not smooth. The formula is modified Yinchen and Wu Ling San. In the formula, Yinchen and Zhizi promote bile duct and jaundice, prepared rhubarb, huangqin, Poria, Fuzi, huanglian, cheqiancao, davidiabum, huanfangji clear heat and promote diuresis. This type is scattered in literature reports and has certain efficacy.

　　(5) Liver and kidney Yin deficiency type: differentiated as liver and kidney Yin deficiency, collaterals not nourished, the formula is modified Zhizi-Baihu Decoction. In the formula, motherwort, Phellodendron amurense, Rehmannia, turtle shell, tortoise shell, Qinghao nourish Yin and clear heat; Poria and Fuzi clear heat and promote diuresis.

　　2. Commonly used anti-cancer traditional Chinese herbal medicines for liver cancer include Hedyotis diffusa, Polygonum multiflorum, Lysimachia christinae, Solanum nigrum, Rubus coreanus, Maytenus hookeri, Paris polyphylla, Rhizoma lycopi, Houttuynia cordata, Radix scutellariae, Prunella vulgaris, Rhizoma scutellariae, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Curcuma phaeocaulis, Speranskia tuberculata, and others.