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Infantile abdominal distal fat malnutrition

  Infantile abdominal distal fat malnutrition (lipodystrophy centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis) is a localized skin and subcutaneous fat atrophy syndrome that commonly occurs in the infant's abdomen and inguinal area, with an unknown etiology. There is no family history. The onset age is not limited to infancy, and there are cases with onset after 2 years old, therefore, Lee et al. suggest renaming it juvenile abdominal distal fat malnutrition.

Table of Contents

1. What are the causes of the onset of infantile abdominal distal fat malnutrition
2. What complications are prone to be caused by infantile abdominal distal fat malnutrition
3. What are the typical symptoms of infantile abdominal distal fat malnutrition
4. How to prevent infantile abdominal distal fat malnutrition
5. What laboratory tests need to be done for infantile abdominal distal fat malnutrition
6. Diet taboos for patients with infantile abdominal distal fat malnutrition
7. Routine methods for the treatment of infantile abdominal distal fat malnutrition in Western medicine

1. What are the causes of the onset of infantile abdominal distal fat malnutrition?

  1. Etiology

  The etiology of this disease is not yet clear and may be related to environmental factors, genetic factors, dietary factors, and emotional and nutritional factors during pregnancy. It may also be related to the use of large doses of adrenal cortical hormones by the mother during pregnancy, which causes abnormal fat distribution in the infant and triggers this disease.

  2. Pathogenesis

  The pathogenesis is not yet clear. The histopathological examination shows atrophy and thinning of the epidermis, reduction of dermal collagen fibers, no变性, disappearance of subcutaneous fat, and mild inflammatory response.

2. What complications are prone to be caused by the distal fat malnutrition of the infant's abdomen?

  This disease belongs to a benign condition, with no other complications except for the appearance abnormality. However, it is still necessary to be vigilant about other diseases induced by elevated blood lipid levels in clinical practice, such as hyperlipidemia which can cause tissue insulin resistance, reduce insulin sensitivity, and trigger diabetes. Elevated blood lipid levels can increase vascular fragility and hardness, leading to hypertension.

3. What are the typical symptoms of infant abdominal distal fat malnutrition

  The initial abdominal area is pale purple-blue macules, gradually turning dark red, with clear boundaries, surface atrophy and indentation, surrounded by erythema, centrifugal expansion, which can involve most of the abdomen or inguinal area, even extending to the chest and back, but the face, neck, and limbs are usually not affected. It is common in infants or those under 9 years old, with most cases occurring at 2 years old. The course is slow, and there is a trend to stop development after 9 years old, lacking systemic symptoms and subjective symptoms.

4. How to prevent infant abdominal distal fat malnutrition

  The etiology of the disease is not yet clear and may be related to environmental factors, genetic factors, dietary factors, and emotional and nutritional factors during pregnancy. Therefore, it is not possible to prevent the disease based on the etiology. For pregnant mothers, it is best to avoid using corticosteroids during pregnancy to avoid interfering with the child's development. For autoimmune diseases, it is necessary to control the symptoms before considering having a child.

5. What laboratory tests need to be done for infant abdominal distal fat malnutrition

  In addition to skin examination for infant abdominal distal fat malnutrition, tissue pathological examination can be seen:

  The epidermis atrophies and becomes thin, the dermal collagen fibers decrease, there is no denaturation, subcutaneous fat disappears, there is a slight inflammatory reaction.

6. Dietary taboos for patients with infant abdominal distal fat malnutrition

  The main thing is to pay attention to strengthening nutrition, reasonable feeding, and try to breastfeed during the infant period as much as possible. It is necessary to strengthen the supply of the mother's nutrition and maintain her physical health. For children who cannot be breastfed, choose suitable formula milk in a timely and correct manner for regular formula milk feeding. As children grow older, timely addition of complementary foods is necessary to avoid anemia, malnutrition, vitamin, and mineral deficiencies.

7. Conventional methods for treating infant abdominal distal fat malnutrition in Western medicine

  The cause of the disease is not clear. In addition to avoiding the use of corticosteroids during pregnancy, adequate nutrition during pregnancy is also very important. One should eat more high-protein, low-fat foods to avoid excessive fatty acid deposition in the fetus, reducing the occurrence of the disease. Pregnant women should eat more fish, chicken, duck, eggs, and other foods, with chicken generally being from female chickens to avoid eating male chickens. Eat more starfruit, lemon, kiwi, and other high-vitamin foods.

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