Strongyloidiasis

　　Strongyloidiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease shared by humans and animals. Strongyloidiasis infection is widespread worldwide. It has also been found in China, and the infection rate is very high in counties such as Tongnan, Tongliang, and Hechuan in the lower reaches of the Fulong River in Sichuan, as well as in Shouning County in Fujian, but the clinical symptoms are not obvious.

　　Eggsof Strongyloidiasis are excreted in the host's feces and develop in the soil, with larvae hatching after two molts to become infective larvae. Humans become infected through the mouth by eating vegetables containing infective larvae. After the third molt in the host's small intestine, the larvae bore into the intestinal mucosa, escape the exoskeleton after several days, and the head end of the worm is inserted into the intestinal mucosa to develop into an adult worm.

　　Strongyloidiasis does not require an intermediate host or vector insect for transmission and can be directly infected through the mouth or skin. Therefore, attention should be paid to personal and environmental hygiene, washing hands before meals, especially in areas where raw manure is used as fertilizer, and more attention should be paid to protection. After applying manure, it should be disinfected thoroughly, or protective gloves should be worn, etc. Thorough treatment of patients and animals carrying worms, reducing the source of infection, can help reduce infection.

　　Common complications of Strongyloidiasis include osteoporosis and anemia.

　　The symptoms of osteoporosis are mostly back pain, leading to an increased risk of fractures.

　　The most common symptom of anemia is pallor, accompanied by dizziness, fatigue, palpitations, and shortness of breath.

　　The severity of clinical symptoms mainly depends on the degree of infection and the nutritional status of the host. Those with mild infection often have no obvious symptoms, while severe cases may have symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, and easy tiredness.

　　1. Anemia:A large number of adult worms can cause anemia, and in cases where it is complicated with hookworm disease, anemia is often severe.

　　2. Gastrointestinal disorders:The duodenum and jejunum are the places where Strongyloidiasis parasitizes, so gastrointestinal disorders often have symptoms such as lack of appetite, bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea to varying degrees.

　　3. Malnutrition:Strongyloidiasis parasitizes humans and feeds on nutrients within the human body, leading to insufficient nutrient intake and malnutrition.

　　4. Mental symptoms:Fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, and easy tiredness. May be caused by anemia.

　　5. Blood count:Eosinophils are slightly increased, usually below 10% to 30%.

　　The lifespan of pinworms is short, generally only 1 to 2 months in the intestines. If re-infection can be prevented and personal hygiene is maintained, it can be cured without special treatment. However, pinworms have strong resistance and can quickly develop to the infectious stage without an intermediate host and can be re-infected without leaving the human body. Therefore, the principle of prevention is: treatment and prevention are carried out simultaneously, and individual prevention and collective prevention are carried out simultaneously.

　　1. Vigorously publicize the dangers of enterobiasis, the ways of infection, the significance of prevention and treatment, etc.

　　2. Make parents, teachers, and caregivers fully aware, educate children to develop good hygiene habits, wash hands before meals, frequently trim nails, do not suck fingers, etc. Change and wash underwear and bedding frequently. Collective children's units should have serious separation of beds, with a certain distance between beds.

　　3. Regular disinfection of clothes, toys, and utensils. It can be treated with 0.5% sulfuric acid solution for 5 minutes or 0.05% iodine solution for 1 hour, which can kill all the eggs. This low concentration of iodine does not irritate the human skin and is an effective and simple disinfectant.

　　4. The prevention and control of enterobiasis emphasizes the use of comprehensive prevention and control measures, which can effectively prevent re-infection and achieve the goal of eradicating enterobiasis.

　　Strongyloidiasis is a parasitic disease that affects both humans and animals, caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, a nematode that lives in the human duodenum and jejunum. The specific examination is as follows:

　　1. Routine examination

　　(1) Direct smear examination of feces can detect eggs.

　　(2) The use of sedimentation and floating methods can increase the positive rate of detecting eggs.

　　(3) The duodenal drainage fluid can also be found to contain eggs.

　　2. Blood count examination

　　Eosinophil count often does not exceed 10% to 30%.

　　Patients with strongyloidiasis should eat more vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C, vitamin A, and B vitamins. Foods such as sesame seeds, soybeans, jujube, honey, walnuts, watermelons, carrots, chrysanthemum flowers, egg yolks, milk, mushrooms, peanuts, sunflower seeds, and pumpkin seeds can keep the spirit joyful, reduce mental and work pressure. Maintain adequate sleep and smooth defecation. Every morning, wash the skin around the anus with soap and warm water; the underwear and socks changed should be steamed or soaked in hot water and then dried in the sun to kill insects, for 10 consecutive days.