Obstructive Seminal Duct Blockage

　　What complications can obstructive varicocele easily lead to?

　　1. Patients with a history of infertility may have reduced or incomplete orgasm, pain or weakness during ejaculation.

　　2. There may be a history of reproductive system infection, surgery, or injury.

　　3. Palpation of the epididymis or seminal vesicle nodule, enlargement, bead-like changes, or absence.

　　Men should use the index finger and thumb to gently squeeze and examine the epididymis head, paying attention to whether there are hard nodules or stasis caused by obstructive varicocele. If such signs are found, go to the hospital immediately for spermatic duct angiography to understand the patency of the obstructive varicocele. Normal sexual life rhythm is conducive to increasing the movement of the spermatic duct, so it plays an important role in preventing obstructive varicocele.

　　1. Routine semen examination:There are no sperm or a small number of sperm in the seminal fluid.

　　1. For bilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction (excluding the prostate) the seminal fluid manifests as low volume, absence of sperm, low fructose content, acidic pH, and high citric acid content.

　　2. Obstruction of the spermatic duct above the prostate (including the prostate) is shown as reduced seminal fluid, absence of sperm, pH value呈中性或碱性, fructose and citric acid content are both low.

　　3. If there are a small number of sperm in the seminal fluid, it indicates that there may be partial or incomplete obstruction of the spermatic duct.

　　2. Spermatic duct angiography:Under local anesthesia, a small incision is made in the scrotum to fix and display the vas deferens. Using a 21-gauge needle, first, about 0.5ml of 60% compound iohexol is injected in the direction of the epididymis, which can display the distal vas deferens and epididymis. Subsequently, a puncture can be made in the direction of the seminal vesicle and about 2-3ml of compound iohexol is injected, which can display the proximal vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct. Recently, many scholars have reported direct percutaneous puncture spermatic duct angiography without the need for a scrotal incision. Normal spermatic duct angiography should show the normal shape, position, and fullness of the spermatic duct, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct with contrast agent.

　　3. Exploration:Exploration of the scrotum during surgery is another important method for diagnosing obstructive varicocele, as some lesions cannot be detected through physical examination or spermatic duct造影. The order of exploration is testicle, epididymis, and vas deferens. During the exploration, testicular biopsy can be performed, and it is best to perform exploration and surgery simultaneously to avoid a second operation.

　　40. One:食疗方 for seminal duct blockage

　　39. Ingredients: Bitter melon 200g, pork filling 200g, 1 egg, salt, cooking wine, ginger, soy sauce, as needed.

　　38. Preparation: Clean the bitter melon, remove the seeds, stuff the seasoned meat filling into the bitter melon, cut into segments, heat the oil in the pot, add the bitter melon and cook over low heat until tender, then add cooking wine, sugar, and simmer for a while.

　　37. Usage: Accompany with meals.

　　36. Function: Clear heat and detoxify, benefit the kidneys and produce sperm. Indications: Azoospermia, oligospermia.

　　35. Note: Bitter melon and pork have the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, and have a therapeutic effect on infertility caused by damp-heat downward flow.

　　34. Two: What foods are good for seminal duct blockage?

　　33. 1. Foods rich in vitamins B1, B2, B6, such as beans, grains, and cheese, as well as foods rich in minerals such as zinc, magnesium, and manganese, such as oysters, nuts, spinach, and pumpkin, etc.

　　32. 2. Consume a variety of foods with high protein, high vitamins, high calories, and easy to digest, such as animal liver, eggs, lean meat, dairy products, seafood, jujube, etc.

　　3. What foods should be avoided for seminal duct blockage?

　　30. 1. Avoid smoking and drinking.

　　29. 2. Eat less spicy food and stimulants such as coffee, cocoa, etc.

　　Prevention of seminal duct blockage:

　　25. 1. Paying attention to the cleanliness and hygiene of the reproductive system and preventing infections by various pathogens (especially sexually transmitted diseases) is the most crucial.

　　24. Ectopic pregnancy is actually mostly caused by partial blockage of the fallopian tube due to inflammation, and after the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy, it should be avoided to perform abdominal salpingectomy, and laparoscopic fallopian tube fenestration should be adopted as much as possible. If the condition permits, conservative therapy can also be adopted, which can preserve the fallopian tube.

　　23. Seminal duct blockage. The method for checking seminal duct blockage can be determined according to specific medical conditions. The simplest and most feasible method is testicular tissue biopsy, that is, checking the living tissue of the testicle.

　　22. If the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone in the blood are normal, and the biopsy of the testicular tissue is also normal, it can be definitely concluded that the seminal ducts are blocked, or there is congenital incomplete development of the seminal ducts. Otherwise, it may be a problem with spermatogenic function. An X-ray examination can also be performed, that is, a seminal vesicle spermatocystography.