Embryonic arrest

　　Embryonic arrest refers to the cessation of development of the embryo in the early stage of pregnancy due to some reasons. Ultrasound examination shows irregular shape of the fetus or fetus in the gestational sac without heartbeat, or the gestational sac shrinks. Clinically, it belongs to the category of abortion or stillbirth.

　　1. Sperm problems

　　Environmental pollution, food safety, and radiation are factors that are damaging men's sperm, and the increasing problems with fetal health are caused by these factors.

　　2. Endocrine disorders

　　The implantation and continued development of the embryo depend on the coordination of the complex endocrine system. Any abnormality in any link can lead to fetal abnormalities.

　　3. Immune factors

　　The embryo or fetus in the uterine cavity during pregnancy is actually a xenotransplantation of the same species, because the fetus is a combination of the genetic material of the parents and cannot be completely the same as the mother. The immune incompatibility between mother and fetus can cause the mother to reject the fetus, which can lead to embryonic arrest.

　　4. Uterine abnormalities

　　The internal environment and the overall environment of the uterus can all have an impact on the embryo. The internal environment is the endometrium. If it is too thin or too thick, it will affect implantation. Abortion caused by uterine defects accounts for about 10% to 15%.

　　5. Chromosomal problems

　　If there is a chromosomal abnormality, it can also lead to the failure of embryo development and early abortion.

　　6. Reproductive tract infection

　　In addition to the above factors, early pregnancy loss caused by infection is increasingly attracting the attention of scholars both at home and abroad.

　　7. Environmental factors

　　Changes in the physiological state during pregnancy cause significant changes in the absorption, distribution, and excretion of treatment drugs and various environmental harmful substances by the mother's body. In the early stage of development, the embryo is extremely sensitive to the effects of treatment drugs and environmental factors. At this time, various harmful factors can cause damage to the embryo, even loss.

　　There are many reasons for embryonic arrest. For patients with embryonic arrest, the ultimate result is fetal death in the womb, leading to abortion. Therefore, it is recommended that couples who want to get pregnant pay close attention to their physical changes during the period before and during pregnancy to reduce the occurrence of fetal diseases.

　　If embryonic arrest occurs, all pregnancy reactions of the pregnant mother will gradually disappear. First, there will be no longer nausea, vomiting, and other early pregnancy reactions, and the feeling of breast swelling will also weaken. Then, there will be vaginal bleeding, often dark red blood-stained leukorrhea. Finally, there may be lower abdominal pain, followed by the expulsion of the embryo. The above symptoms vary from person to person, and some may not show any signs at all, directly experiencing abdominal pain, followed by abortion, or embryonic arrest without symptoms detected through routine ultrasound examination.

　　There are many reasons for embryonic arrest. To prevent the occurrence of this disease, it is recommended that couples planning to get pregnant pay attention to the following preventive measures:

　　1. Chromosomal abnormalities

　　Before pregnancy, pre-pregnancy examination and medical diagnosis are required. If there is a family history of hereditary diseases, consider not getting pregnant or taking effective care measures.

　　2. Abstain from harmful substances

　　If working in related industries, change to other departments a few months before conception. For newly decorated residential homes, it is recommended not to move in too early, but to move in only after the inspection is qualified. In terms of diet, choose clean and pollution-free food.

　　3. Radioactive light

　　Avoid pre-pregnancy X-ray examinations. When the microwave oven is operating, keep a certain distance from it, about one meter or more. Do not carry a mobile phone for a long time, and use it only when necessary.

　　4. Drug effects

　　If there is no intention to conceive, appropriate contraception measures should be taken. When preparing to get pregnant, if there are symptoms, it is necessary to first confirm whether pregnancy has occurred. If so, medication should be taken cautiously. It is best to consult a doctor and choose medication that is beneficial to the patient's condition and has no effect on the fetus.

　　5. Smoking and drinking

　　Both partners should quit smoking and drinking for a period of time before and during pregnancy to avoid the impact of smoking and drinking on the fetus inside the abdomen.

　　6. Viral infection

　　For rubella, pregnant women should receive the rubella vaccine in advance. During the first three months of pregnancy, avoid staying in public places for too long and do appropriate physical exercise to enhance physical fitness and self-satisfaction.

　　7. Chronic severe disease

　　Drugs for treating chronic diseases can have a great impact on the fetus. If the patient needs to get pregnant, they should discontinue medication for a period of time, and it is suitable to get pregnant only when the condition is stable.

　　8. Immune system abnormalities

　　For women with immune system abnormalities, pregnancy should be avoided until the condition is completely recovered. In daily life, it is necessary to exercise more, maintain a balanced diet, and enhance immunity.

　　There are many causes of embryo pregnancy failure, both men and women can cause the occurrence of this disease. If this disease occurs, it is recommended to carry out the following examinations in a timely manner:

　　First, male examination items

　　1. Semen sedimentation cytology examination: Determine sperm vitality and the presence of malformed sperm.

　　2. Male prostate examination: Prostatitis can lead to abnormal seminal fluid.

　　3. Chromosome examination: Chromosomal abnormalities are an important cause of fetal pregnancy failure.

　　Second, female examination items

　　1. Six major female sex hormone tests: The level of female hormones determines the quality of follicle development and the quality of the follicle, which directly affects the quality of the embryo. When the quality of the embryo is poor, it is easy to lead to fetal pregnancy failure. The test of the six hormones (i.e., ovarian reserve function) is usually performed on the third day of the menstrual period.

　　2. Four major items of female eugenic health: including rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasma, and herpes simplex virus. Pregnant women and women planning to get pregnant are more likely to be infected with the fetus due to low immunity. These infections not only lead to fetal pregnancy failure but can also cause birth defects in infants.

　　3. Immune antibody tests: including anti-sperm antibody, anti-embryo antibody, anti-ovary antibody, anti-nuclear antibody, anti-endometrial antibody, anti-human chorionic gonadotropin antibody, anti-cardiolipin antibody, and other tests. The clinical manifestations of immune infertility are mainly fetal pregnancy failure.

　　4. Thyroid function test: Abnormal thyroid function is a factor leading to embryonic stagnation.

　　5. Routine screening of vaginal discharge: Check for infections such as trichomoniasis, candidiasis, mycoplasma, chlamydia, and bacterial vaginosis.

　　6. Detection of sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and syphilis.

　　7. Mycoplasma and Chlamydia cervical testing.

　　8. Hysteroscopy: Determine whether there are problems such as adhesion of the uterine cavity, uterine fibroids, and uterine malformations.

　　9. Ultrasound of the uterus and adnexa.

　　10. ABO hemolysis, Rh blood group antigen system examination: The examination object is women with blood type O, husbands with blood type A or B, or those with a history of unexplained miscarriage.

　　11. Chromosome examination.

　　There are no special dietary requirements for patients with embryonic stagnation. Normal diet is generally sufficient. Pay attention to a rich diet and balanced nutrition. Ensure the needs of calories, proteins, and vitamins required for normal human metabolism. Appropriately increase the intake of vegetables, fruits, and soy products. In terms of health care, it is important to relax, build confidence, maintain a good mental state, and actively cooperate with the doctor's treatment.

　　After confirming

　　After delivery, the fetus, placenta, amniotic membrane, and umbilical cord should be carefully examined. For those that cannot be judged with the naked eye, pathological examination can be sent to clarify the cause of stillbirth.

　　If one fetus dies in utero in a case of multiple pregnancy, it is generally advisable to observe and wait. Pregnant women often have transient decreases in fibrinogen and platelets, which then return to normal on their own. Once fibrinogen drops to 2g/L, it is estimated that the fetus can survive, and an immediate induction of labor should be performed.